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Le lien entre les compétences en numératie et les rendements sur le marché du travail au Québec

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  • Raquel Fonseca
  • Marie Mélanie Fontaine
  • Catherine Haeck

Abstract

The objective of this study is to estimate the relationship between numeracy skills measured in adulthood and workers' earnings in Quebec. To do so, we use confidential microdata from the Program for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PEICA) and the Longitudinal and International Adult Survey (ELIA). This research is primarily descriptive. First, we draw a socio-economic portrait of individuals according to their level of numeracy skills. Second, we measure the wage returns to numeracy skills in Quebec. Our results suggest that for active workers in the Quebec population, a one standard deviation increase in numeracy skills is associated with an average 21% increase in wages, a figure slightly higher than that estimated for the rest of Canada. We also document in detail the variations in these returns for adults with different socio-demographic characteristics. Specifically, we estimate wage returns to numeracy skills by age, gender, country of birth, parental education, industry and type of worker. Finally, in a third step, we assess the extent to which differentials in numeracy skills can explain wage gaps between men and women. Our results suggest that disparities in numeracy skills between these two groups can explain a significant portion of the gender wage gap. Indeed, nearly half of the gender wage gap is attributable to differences in numeracy skills. Compared to men, only 7.1% of women aged 16 to 64 in Quebec have high or very high numeracy skills compared to 14.3% of men. L’objectif de cette étude est d’estimer la relation entre les compétences en numératie mesurées à l’âge adulte et la rémunération des travailleurs au Québec. Pour ce faire, nous utilisons les micros données confidentielles du Programme pour l’évaluation internationale des compétences des adultes (PEICA) et celles de l’Enquête longitudinale et internationale des adultes (ELIA). Cette recherche est principalement descriptive. Dans un premier temps, nous dressons un portrait socioéconomique des individus selon leur niveau de compétences en numératie. Dans un deuxième temps, nous mesurons les rendements salariaux des compétences en numératie au Québec. Nous résultats suggèrent que pour les travailleurs actifs de la population québécoise, une augmentation d’un écart-type des compétences en numératie est associée à une augmentation moyenne de 21 % du salaire, un chiffre légèrement supérieur à celui estimé pour le reste du Canada. Nous documentons également en détail les variations dans ces rendements chez les adultes ayant des caractéristiques sociodémographiques différentes. Concrètement, nous estimons les rendements salariaux des compétences en numératie selon l’âge, le sexe, le pays de naissance, le niveau d’éducation des parents, le secteur d’activité et le type de travailleurs. Finalement, dans un troisième temps, nous évaluons à quel point les différentiels de compétences en numératie peuvent expliquer les écarts salariaux entre les hommes et les femmes. Nos résultats suggèrent que les disparités de compétences en numératie entre ces deux groupes peuvent expliquer une part importante des écarts de salaire entre les sexes. En effet, près de la moitié de l’écart salarial entre les hommes et les femmes est attribuable aux différences de compétences en numératie. Comparativement aux hommes, seulement 7.1 % des femmes de 16 à 64 ans au Québec ont un niveau de compétences en numératie élevé ou très élevé comparativement à 14.3 % des hommes.

Suggested Citation

  • Raquel Fonseca & Marie Mélanie Fontaine & Catherine Haeck, 2021. "Le lien entre les compétences en numératie et les rendements sur le marché du travail au Québec," CIRANO Project Reports 2021rp-11, CIRANO.
  • Handle: RePEc:cir:cirpro:2021rp-11
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    File URL: https://cirano.qc.ca/files/publications/2021RP-11.pdf
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