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Taxes and Gender Equality: The Incidence of the ‘Tampon Tax’

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  • Thiess Büttner
  • Frank Hechtner
  • Boryana Madzharova

Abstract

Many countries are currently debating whether to reduce or eliminate taxes on feminine hygiene products as a measure to address “period poverty” and promote gender equality. Legislators often reject proposals involving reforms of “tampon taxes” as the pass-through of sales taxes into consumer prices cannot be guaranteed. This paper uses a permanent reduction of the tax on tampons & pads in Germany in 2020 as a natural experiment to study the price and unit-sales effects of the tax. Exploiting an extensive data set on the unit sales and scanner prices of feminine hygiene products in Germany and Italy, our results indicate that the incidence of tampon taxes is fully on consumers, while demand for these products is price-inelastic. We do not find cross-price effects for a closely related product group, which remained taxed at the standard tax rate. Both the pass-through and demand effects are found to be homogenous along the pre-reform market-share and price distributions.

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  • Thiess Büttner & Frank Hechtner & Boryana Madzharova, 2023. "Taxes and Gender Equality: The Incidence of the ‘Tampon Tax’," CESifo Working Paper Series 10580, CESifo.
    • Handle: RePEc:ces:ceswps:_10580
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    1. Deza, María Cecilia & Dondo, Mariana & Jara, H. Xavier & Rodríguez, David & Torres, Javier, 2025. "The role of tax-benefit systems in reducing the gender income gap in Latin America," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 129049, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.

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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • H22 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Incidence
    • H23 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Externalities; Redistributive Effects; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies
    • I38 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - - - Government Programs; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs
    • J16 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination

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