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Cambio Tecnológico, Ineficiencia de Escala e Ineficiencia X en la Banca Colombiana

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  • Rodrigo Suescún M.
  • Martha Misas

Abstract

La ausencia de presiones competitivas sobre el sector financiero desdibuja el efecto disciplinador del mercado y disminuye los costos asociados con decisiones erradas de los administradores de las firmas y explica, por lo tanto, la supervivencia de malas administraciones y la persistencia de altos márgenes financieros. La actividad financiera colombiana ha estado tradicionalmente protegida de la presión de la competencia internacional por lo que la eficiencia en costos no ha sido una preocupación fundamental ni para los administradores de las firmas, ni para los supervisores de la industria ni para los reguladores, quienes no han evaluado el tamaño ni las fuentes de ineficiencia y han desestimado la importancia y la aplicación de reformas estructurales dirigidas a incrementar la eficiencia financiera. Reformas de este tipo han sido llevadas a cabo durante la última década en los principales centros bancarios del mundo cuyos mercados, aún en el caso de la banca al detal en el cual estamos interesados, están cada vez más integrados y sujetos a intensa competencia. Las mejoras en eficiencia tienen grandes beneficios sociales y privados. Mejoran la asignación de recursos, los precios y la calidad de los servicios financieros e incrementan la rentabilidad y la solidez de los intermediarios para enfrentar los desafíos de la competencia. Por lo contrario, la pobre administración y control de costos tiene los efectos opuestos. En condiciones normales la eficiencia en la administración de los costos debe ser un aspecto de vital importancia en la administración, los accionistas, los supervisores , los reguladores y los consumidores, por que de ella depende la evolución futura del sector y cualquier decisión sobre reforma bancaria. El gráfico 1 nos ayuda a poner en contexto la dimensión e importancia del problema. Allí se presenta el margen de intereses y comisiones netos, como proporción de los créditos, de la banca comercial durante el período 1974-1995. En el período 1974-1
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Suggested Citation

  • Rodrigo Suescún M. & Martha Misas, 1996. "Cambio Tecnológico, Ineficiencia de Escala e Ineficiencia X en la Banca Colombiana," Borradores de Economia 059, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    • Handle: RePEc:bdr:borrec:059
    DOI: 10.32468/be.59
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    1. Dairo Estrada & Poldy Osorio, 2004. "Effects of Financial Capital on Colombian Banking Efficiency," Revista ESPE - Ensayos sobre Política Económica, Banco de la Republica de Colombia, vol. 22(47), pages 162-201, December.
    2. Jorge David Quinteo Otero & William Orlando Prieto Bustos & Fernando Barrios Aguirre & Laura Elena Leviller Guardo, 2008. "Determinantes de la eficiencia técnica en las empresas colombianas, 2001-2004," Revista Semestre Económico, Universidad de Medellín, November.
    3. Miguel SARMIENTOO & Andrés CEPEDA & Hernando MUTIS & Juan F. PÉREZ, 2013. "Nueva Evidencia sobre la Eficiencia de la Banca," Archivos de Economía 10705, Departamento Nacional de Planeación.
    4. Alejandro Ramírez Vigoya & Laura Cristancho, 2010. "Eficiencia en el Sector Financiero Colombiano en el Periodo 1995-2008," Revista Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, December.
    5. Sergio Clavijo, 2000. "Hacia la Multibanca en Colombia: Retos y 'Retazos' Financieros," Borradores de Economia 150, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    6. Camilo Zea, 1999. "Financial Inefficiency And Real Business Cycle In Colombia," Borradores de Economia 2722, Banco de la Republica.
    7. Ana María Olaya Pardo & Manuel Ramírez Gómez, 2004. "Aversión al riesgo y eficiencia de escala en los bancos: Incluyendo variables de riesgo y regulación," Borradores de Investigación 4346, Universidad del Rosario.
    8. Steiner, Roberto & Barajas, Adolfo & Salazar, Natalia, 1998. "El margen de intermediación bancaria en Colombia," IDB Publications (Working Papers) 6110, Inter-American Development Bank.
    9. Michel Janna Gandur, 2003. "Eficiencia en Costos,Cambios en las Condiciones Generales del Mercado y Crisis en la Banca Colombiana: 1992-2002," Borradores de Economia 260, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    10. Bladimir Proaño‐Rivera & José Manuel Feria‐Dominguez, 2024. "Are Ecuadorian banks enough technically efficient for growth? A clinical study," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 29(2), pages 2011-2029, April.
    11. Barajas, Adolfo & Steiner, Roberto & Salazar, Natalia, 2000. "The impact of liberalization and foreign investment in Colombia's financial sector," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 63(1), pages 157-196, October.
    12. Alejandro BADEL FLOREZ, 2002. "Sistema Bancario Colombiano: ¿Somos eficientes a nivel internacional?," Archivos de Economía 3500, Departamento Nacional de Planeación.

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