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GPT has become financially literate: Insights from financial literacy tests of GPT and a preliminary test of how people use it as a source of advice

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  • Pawe{l} Niszczota
  • Sami Abbas

Abstract

We assess the ability of GPT -- a large language model -- to serve as a financial robo-advisor for the masses, by using a financial literacy test. Davinci and ChatGPT based on GPT-3.5 score 66% and 65% on the financial literacy test, respectively, compared to a baseline of 33%. However, ChatGPT based on GPT-4 achieves a near-perfect 99% score, pointing to financial literacy becoming an emergent ability of state-of-the-art models. We use the Judge-Advisor System and a savings dilemma to illustrate how researchers might assess advice-utilization from large language models. We also present a number of directions for future research.

Suggested Citation

  • Pawe{l} Niszczota & Sami Abbas, 2023. "GPT has become financially literate: Insights from financial literacy tests of GPT and a preliminary test of how people use it as a source of advice," Papers 2309.00649, arXiv.org.
    • Handle: RePEc:arx:papers:2309.00649
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    1. van Rooij, Maarten & Lusardi, Annamaria & Alessie, Rob, 2011. "Financial literacy and stock market participation," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 101(2), pages 449-472, August.
    2. Sniezek, Janet A. & Buckley, Timothy, 1995. "Cueing and Cognitive Conflict in Judge-Advisor Decision Making," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 62(2), pages 159-174, May.
    3. Dowling, Michael & Lucey, Brian, 2023. "ChatGPT for (Finance) research: The Bananarama Conjecture," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 53(C).
    4. David R. Lewis, 2018. "The perils of overconfidence: Why many consumers fail to seek advice when they really should," Journal of Financial Services Marketing, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 23(2), pages 104-111, June.
    5. Palan, Stefan & Schitter, Christian, 2018. "Prolific.ac—A subject pool for online experiments," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, Elsevier, vol. 17(C), pages 22-27.
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    1. Jeongbin Kim & Matthew Kovach & Kyu-Min Lee & Euncheol Shin & Hector Tzavellas, 2024. "Learning to be Homo Economicus: Can an LLM Learn Preferences from Choice," Papers 2401.07345, arXiv.org.

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