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A Mean-Field Game Approach to Equilibrium Pricing in Solar Renewable Energy Certificate Markets

Author

Listed:
  • Arvind Shrivats
  • Dena Firoozi
  • Sebastian Jaimungal

Abstract

Solar Renewable Energy Certificate (SREC) markets are a market-based system that incentivizes solar energy generation. A regulatory body imposes a lower bound on the amount of energy each regulated firm must generate via solar means, providing them with a tradeable certificate for each MWh generated. Firms seek to navigate the market optimally by modulating their SREC generation and trading rates. As such, the SREC market can be viewed as a stochastic game, where agents interact through the SREC price. We study this stochastic game by solving the mean-field game (MFG) limit with sub-populations of heterogeneous agents. Market participants optimize costs accounting for trading frictions, cost of generation, non-linear non-compliance costs, and generation uncertainty. Moreover, we endogenize SREC price through market clearing. We characterize firms' optimal controls as the solution of McKean-Vlasov (MV) FBSDEs and determine the equilibrium SREC price. We establish the existence and uniqueness of a solution to this MV-FBSDE, and prove that the MFG strategies form an $\epsilon$-Nash equilibrium for the finite player game. Finally, we develop a numerical scheme for solving the MV-FBSDEs and conduct a simulation study.

Suggested Citation

  • Arvind Shrivats & Dena Firoozi & Sebastian Jaimungal, 2020. "A Mean-Field Game Approach to Equilibrium Pricing in Solar Renewable Energy Certificate Markets," Papers 2003.04938, arXiv.org, revised Aug 2021.
    • Handle: RePEc:arx:papers:2003.04938
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Hui, Wang & Xin-gang, Zhao & Ling-zhi, Ren & Fan, Lu, 2021. "An agent-based modeling approach for analyzing the influence of market participants’ strategic behavior on green certificate trading," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 218(C).
    2. Masaaki Fujii & Akihiko Takahashi, 2021. "``Equilibrium Price Formation with a Major Player and its Mean Field Limit''," CIRJE F-Series CIRJE-F-1162, CIRJE, Faculty of Economics, University of Tokyo.
    3. Masaaki Fujii & Akihiko Takahashi, 2021. "Equilibrium Price Formation with a Major Player and its Mean Field Limit," CARF F-Series CARF-F-509, Center for Advanced Research in Finance, Faculty of Economics, The University of Tokyo.
    4. Sebastian Jaimungal, 2022. "Reinforcement learning and stochastic optimisation," Finance and Stochastics, Springer, vol. 26(1), pages 103-129, January.
    5. Masaaki Fujii & Akihiko Takahashi, 2021. "Equilibrium Price Formation with a Major Player and its Mean Field Limit," Papers 2102.10756, arXiv.org, revised Feb 2022.

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