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The Macroeconomic Effects of Capital Inflows in the Costa Rican Economy

Author

Listed:
  • Cristian Álvarez-Corrales

    (Department of Economic Research, Central Bank of Costa Rica)

Abstract

During the period of 1999-2011 the Costa Rican economy has experienced the incoming of capital inflows in sizeable amounts. Such flows have had, and continue to have, important implications for the effectiveness of the monetary policy conducted by the Central Bank of Costa Rica. The objective of this paper is to measure the quantitative impact of capital inflows on various macroeconomic variables. Special attention will be given to the effects that these flows have on the price of financial and real assets. Credit growth and the appreciation of asset prices that usually follow large capital inflows may have important implications for the stability of financial systems. For this reason, it is of interest for economic policy to determine how large capital inflows may lead to potential financial crisis. In this sense, an additional objective of this paper is to provide a general view of the state of macro-prudential regulation in Costa Rica in terms of the management of capital inflows. The empirical evidence suggests that surges in capital inflows would be associated with an easing of financial conditions in the economy, an expansion of credit, increased aggregate expenditure and higher inflation. Additionally, capital inflows appear to have a mild effect on the price of financial assets and the price of land. However, the price of land in the pacific coastal provinces displays a very strong response to a capital inflows shock. The response of the real state sector and the lending to real estate assets do not suggest that this sector experiences a boom fueled by higher capital inflows. Also, it seems that periods of capital inflows bonanza do not tend to feed a consumption boom. Finally, the steep increase in exports after a shock seems to require higher imports of capital goods and raw materials. ***Resumen: Durante el periodo 1999-2011 la economía costarricense se ha caracterizado por la atracción de flujos de capitales en montos considerables. Tales flujos han tenido y continúan teniendo repercusiones para la efectividad de la política monetaria del Banco Central de Costa Rica. Este estudio, tiene por objetivo cuantificar el impacto que las entradas de capitales tienen sobre diferentes variables macroeconómicas poniendo especial atención a los efectos sobre el precio de activos financieros y reales. El crecimiento del crédito y la apreciación de estos activos que suele asociarse con grandes entradas de capitales, pueden tener serias repercusiones sobre la estabilidad de los sistemas financieros. Por este motivo, es de interés para la política económica determinar la manera en que las entradas de capitales pueden llevar a la gestación de potenciales crisis sobre los sistemas financieros. En este sentido, un objetivo adicional del estudio es brindar una noción general acerca del estado de la regulación macroprudencial en Costa Rica en términos de la gestión de los flujos de capitales. De acuerdo con la evidencia empírica provista en este documento, las entradas de capitales estarán asociadas con un relajamiento de las condiciones financieras en la economía, una expansión del crédito, el gasto agregado y con mayores presiones inflacionarias. Además, las entradas de capitales tienen un efecto leve sobre el precio de los activos financieros y sobre el precio de la tierra, a excepción de las provincias costeras del Pacífico, donde el precio de la tierra se ve afectado fuertemente por choques en las entradas de capitales. Por otra parte, la respuesta de algunas variables relacionadas con el sector inmobiliario y del crédito a este sector, no indican que experimente un auge luego de un choque en las entradas de capitales. Asimismo, no parece que periodos de bonanza en las entradas de capitales tiendan a financiar un auge del consumo. Finalmente, el alto crecimiento observado en las exportaciones luego de una perturbación en las entradas de capitales requerir a de mayores importaciones de bienes de capital y materias primas.

Suggested Citation

  • Cristian Álvarez-Corrales, 2013. "The Macroeconomic Effects of Capital Inflows in the Costa Rican Economy," Documentos de Trabajo 1302, Banco Central de Costa Rica.
  • Handle: RePEc:apk:doctra:1302
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    JEL classification:

    • E32 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Business Fluctuations; Cycles
    • E44 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy
    • E58 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Central Banks and Their Policies
    • F32 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - Current Account Adjustment; Short-term Capital Movements
    • G38 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Government Policy and Regulation

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