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Estrategias de turismo en la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Una clasificación regional utilizando análisis multivariado

Author

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  • Natalia Porto
  • Victoria Dowbley
  • Carolina Inés García

Abstract

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la distribución de recursos y amenidades turísticas, en conjunto con otras variables, en los municipios de la Provincia de Buenos Aires con el fin de proponer una clasificación turística regional. Las variables consideradas en el análisis se vinculan con la especialización turística, la sostenibilidad medioambiental, el desarrollo urbano-regional, la sostenibilidad fiscal y la gobernabilidad. Se desarrolla una metodología estadística multivariada de clasificación que considera un conjunto de variables simultáneamente con una estrategia de análisis en tres etapas. Estas etapas son: i) preparación de la base de datos y reducción de variables consideradas en base a criterios estadísticos; ii) aplicación del Análisis de Cluster con el algoritmo de clasificación no jerárquico de k-medias previa aplicación del Análisis de Componentes Principales extendido para variables mixtas; iii) caracterización y validación de los grupos obtenidos. Como resultado se obtuvieron 8 grupos de municipios que muestran una transición gradual desde municipios donde la actividad turística es relativamente más importante a municipios más urbanizados, con desarrollo industrial. Se destacan tres grupos importantes desde el punto de vista de la actividad turística. Uno de los grupos está integrado principalmente por partidos de la Costa Atlántica, con gran presencia de recursos naturales y mayor participación de la actividad económica Servicios de Alojamiento y Restaurantes en el Producto Bruto Municipal. Los otros dos grupos están integrados principalmente por municipios con mayor dotación relativa de recursos deportivos. Con este trabajo se espera contribuir a la comprensión de la diversidad que presentan los municipios de la provincia e incentivar el uso de los métodos estadísticos multivariados en esta área de investigación. Como conclusión, se recomienda el desarrollo de estrategias para planificar y gestionar el sector turístico en la provincia, así como evaluar y diagramar un camino de crecimiento sustentado en la diversificación de productos turísticos y siguiendo un espíritu de dispersión de visitantes dentro de la provincia y de los propios municipios.

Suggested Citation

  • Natalia Porto & Victoria Dowbley & Carolina Inés García, 2020. "Estrategias de turismo en la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Una clasificación regional utilizando análisis multivariado," CEFIP, Working Papers 035, CEFIP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata.
    • Handle: RePEc:akh:wcefip:035
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