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Automatic balance mechanisms for notional defined contribution pension systems guaranteeing social adequacy and financial sustainability: an application to the Italian pension system

Author

Listed:
  • Devolder, Pierre

    (Université catholique de Louvain, LIDAM/ISBA, Belgium)

  • Levantesi, Susanna

    (Sapienza University of Rome, Italy)

  • Menzietti, Massimiliano

    (University of Calabria, Rende, Italy)

Abstract

Since the mid 1990s some European countries (including Italy) implemented a Notional Defined Contribution (NDC) pension system. Such a system is based on pay-as-you-go funding, while the pension amount is a function of the individual lifelong contribution. Despite many appealing features, the NDC system presents some drawbacks: first, it is vulnerable to demographic and economic shocks compromising the financial sustainability; second, it could fail to guarantee adequate pension benefits to pensioners. In order to reduce the first limit, automatic balance mechanisms (ABMs) have been proposed in literature and also implemented in Sweden, while solutions that combine financial sustainability and social adequacy have been applied only in a pay-as-you-go point system. The aim of this paper is to insert into the Italian NDC architecture ABMs that preserve social adequacy under financial sustainability constraints. Godinez-Olivares et al. (Insur Math Econ 69:117–126, 2016) built ABMs for a Defined Benefit pension system using nonlinear optimization techniques to calculate the optimal paths of the control variables representing the main drivers of the system: contribution rate, retirement age and indexation of pensions. Following this line of research, we have developed a nonlinear optimization model for the Italian NDC system based on three control variables: pensions indexation, notional rate and contribution rate. The objective function considers both social adequacy and contribution rate sustainability, under liquidity and sustainability constraints. In the numerical applicationwe apply the model to the Italian pension system and test the sensitivity of the results to different economic scenarios and objective function parameters.

Suggested Citation

  • Devolder, Pierre & Levantesi, Susanna & Menzietti, Massimiliano, 2020. "Automatic balance mechanisms for notional defined contribution pension systems guaranteeing social adequacy and financial sustainability: an application to the Italian pension system," LIDAM Reprints ISBA 2020025, Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Statistics, Biostatistics and Actuarial Sciences (ISBA).
    • Handle: RePEc:aiz:louvar:2020025
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-020-03819-x
    Note: In: Annals of Operations Research - to appear (2020)
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    Cited by:

    1. Emawtee Bissoondoyal-Bheenick & Robert Brooks & Hung Do, 2023. "Asset allocation of Australian superannuation funds: a markov regime switching approach," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 330(1), pages 485-515, November.
    2. Lorenzo Fratoni & Susanna Levantesi & Massimiliano Menzietti, 2022. "Measuring Financial Sustainability and Social Adequacy of the Italian NDC Pension System under the COVID-19 Pandemic," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-23, December.
    3. Giovanni Cardillo & Paolo Giordani & Susanna Levantesi & Andrea Nigri, 2024. "A tensor-based approach to cause-of-death mortality modeling," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 342(3), pages 2075-2094, November.
    4. Sipei Xu & Jia Zhang, 2022. "Do Social Pensions Affect the Physical and Mental Health of Rural Children in China? An Intergenerational Care Perspective," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(7), pages 1-25, March.
    5. Bravo, Jorge M. & Ayuso, Mercedes & Holzmann, Robert & Palmer, Edward, 2023. "Intergenerational actuarial fairness when longevity increases: Amending the retirement age," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 161-184.
    6. Ishay Wolf & Smadar Levi, 2022. "Vague Pension Future: Empirical Evidence from the Israeli Radical Privatized Market," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-15, April.
    7. Shin Kimura & Tomoki Kitamura & Kunio Nakashima, 2023. "Investment risk-taking and benefit adequacy under automatic balancing mechanism in the Japanese public pension system," Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 10(1), pages 1-19, December.
    8. Sebastiano Vitali & Vittorio Moriggia, 2021. "Pension fund management with investment certificates and stochastic dominance," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 299(1), pages 273-292, April.

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