IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/ahh/wpaper/worms2009.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Investigating human visual behavior by hidden Markov models in the design of marketing information

Author

Listed:
  • Jerzy Grobelny
  • Rafal Michalski

Abstract

The research demonstrates the use of hidden Markov models (HMMs) in analyzing fixation data recorded by an eye-tracker. The visual activity was registered while performing pairwise comparisons of simple marketing messages. The marketing information was presented in a form of digital leaflets appearing on a computer screen and differed in the components’ arrangement and graphical layout. Better variants were selected by clicking on them with a mouse. A simulation experiment was performed to determine best HMMs in terms of information criteria. Seven selected models were presented in detail, four of them graphically illustrated and thoroughly analyzed. The identified hidden states along with predicted transition and emission probabilities allowed for the description of possible subjects’ visual behavior. Hypotheses about relations between these strategies and marketing message design factors were also put forward and discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Jerzy Grobelny & Rafal Michalski, 2020. "Investigating human visual behavior by hidden Markov models in the design of marketing information," WORking papers in Management Science (WORMS) WORMS/20/09, Department of Operations Research and Business Intelligence, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology.
    • Handle: RePEc:ahh:wpaper:worms2009
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-20148-7_22
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://worms.pwr.edu.pl/RePEc/ahh/wpaper/WORMS_20_09.pdf
    File Function: Final version, 2020
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1007/978-3-030-20148-7_22?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. John Liechty & Rik Pieters & Michel Wedel, 2003. "Global and local covert visual attention: Evidence from a bayesian hidden markov model," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 68(4), pages 519-541, December.
    2. Jerzy Grobelny & Rafal Michalski, 2017. "Applying hidden Markov models to visual activity analysis for simple digital control panel operations," WORking papers in Management Science (WORMS) WORMS/17/06, Department of Operations Research and Business Intelligence, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology.
    3. Huddleston, Patricia T. & Behe, Bridget K. & Driesener, Carl & Minahan, S., 2018. "Inside-outside: Using eye-tracking to investigate search-choice processes in the retail environment," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 85-93.
    4. Rafal Michalski & Jerzy Grobelny, 2016. "An eye tracking based examination of visual attention during pairwise comparisons of a digital product’s package," WORking papers in Management Science (WORMS) WORMS/16/14, Department of Operations Research and Business Intelligence, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Jerzy Grobelny & Rafal Michalski & Gerhard-Wilhelm Weber, 2021. "Modeling human thinking about similarities by neuromatrices in the perspective of fuzzy logic," WORking papers in Management Science (WORMS) WORMS/21/09, Department of Operations Research and Business Intelligence, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Berna Haktanirlar Ulutas & N. Fırat Özkan & Rafał Michalski, 2020. "Application of hidden Markov models to eye tracking data analysis of visual quality inspection operations," Central European Journal of Operations Research, Springer;Slovak Society for Operations Research;Hungarian Operational Research Society;Czech Society for Operations Research;Österr. Gesellschaft für Operations Research (ÖGOR);Slovenian Society Informatika - Section for Operational Research;Croatian Operational Research Society, vol. 28(2), pages 761-777, June.
    2. Rafal Michalski & Jerzy Grobelny & Anna Bezdzietna, 2020. "Column versus tabular layout of paragraphs in message conveyance: visual processing study based on eye-tracking data," WORking papers in Management Science (WORMS) WORMS/20/19, Department of Operations Research and Business Intelligence, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology.
    3. Jerzy Grobelny & Rafal Michalski, 2021. "Hidden Markov models for visual processing of marketing leaflets," WORking papers in Management Science (WORMS) WORMS/21/08, Department of Operations Research and Business Intelligence, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology.
    4. John R. Hauser & Glen L. Urban & Guilherme Liberali & Michael Braun, 2009. "Website Morphing," Marketing Science, INFORMS, vol. 28(2), pages 202-223, 03-04.
    5. Hamelin, Nicolas & Thaichon, Park & Abraham, Christopher & Driver, Nicholas & Lipscombe, Joe & Pillai, Jayarethanam, 2020. "Storytelling, the scale of persuasion and retention: A neuromarketing approach," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 55(C).
    6. Martinovici, A., 2019. "Revealing attention - how eye movements predict brand choice and moment of choice," Other publications TiSEM 7dca38a5-9f78-4aee-bd81-c, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.
    7. Amy Wenxuan Ding & Shibo Li & Patrali Chatterjee, 2015. "Learning User Real-Time Intent for Optimal Dynamic Web Page Transformation," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 26(2), pages 339-359, June.
    8. Rafal Michalski & Joanna Koszela-Kulinska, 2020. "Eye-tracking examination of the anthropological race, gender and verbal-pictorial relative positions on ergonomics of visual information presentation," WORking papers in Management Science (WORMS) WORMS/20/10, Department of Operations Research and Business Intelligence, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology.
    9. Ting Shang & Hao Lu & Peng Wu & Yi Wei, 2021. "Eye-Tracking Evaluation of Exit Advance Guide Signs in Highway Tunnels in Familiar and Unfamiliar Drivers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(13), pages 1-14, June.
    10. Lamberz, Julia & Litfin, Thorsten & Teckert, Özlem & Meeh-Bunse, Gunther, 2019. "How Does the Attitude to Sustainable Food Influence the Perception of Customers at the Point of Sale? - an Eye-Tracking Study," Proceedings of the ENTRENOVA - ENTerprise REsearch InNOVAtion Conference (2019), Rovinj, Croatia, in: Proceedings of the ENTRENOVA - ENTerprise REsearch InNOVAtion Conference, Rovinj, Croatia, 12-14 September 2019, pages 476-483, IRENET - Society for Advancing Innovation and Research in Economy, Zagreb.
    11. Schnack, Alexander & Wright, Malcolm J. & Holdershaw, Judith L., 2021. "Does the locomotion technique matter in an immersive virtual store environment? – Comparing motion-tracked walking and instant teleportation," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 58(C).
    12. Lacoste-Badie, Sophie & Gagnan, Arnaud Bigoin & Droulers, Olivier, 2020. "Front of pack symmetry influences visual attention," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 54(C).
    13. Gary Feng, 2003. "From eye movement to cognition: Toward a general framework of inference comment on Liechty et al., 2003," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 68(4), pages 551-556, December.
    14. Jerzy Grobelny & Rafal Michalski & Gerhard-Wilhelm Weber, 2021. "Modeling human thinking about similarities by neuromatrices in the perspective of fuzzy logic," WORking papers in Management Science (WORMS) WORMS/21/09, Department of Operations Research and Business Intelligence, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology.
    15. Ricardo Montoya & Oded Netzer & Kamel Jedidi, 2010. "Dynamic Allocation of Pharmaceutical Detailing and Sampling for Long-Term Profitability," Marketing Science, INFORMS, vol. 29(5), pages 909-924, 09-10.
    16. Amirali Kani & Wayne S. DeSarbo & Duncan K. H. Fong, 2018. "A Factorial Hidden Markov Model for the Analysis of Temporal Change in Choice Models," Customer Needs and Solutions, Springer;Institute for Sustainable Innovation and Growth (iSIG), vol. 5(3), pages 162-177, December.
    17. Qin Zeng & Yun Chen & Xiazhong Zheng & Shiyu He & Donghui Li & Benwu Nie, 2023. "Optimization of Underground Cavern Sign Group Layout Using Eye-Tracking Technology," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(16), pages 1-32, August.
    18. Peter Stüttgen & Peter Boatwright & Robert T. Monroe, 2012. "A Satisficing Choice Model," Marketing Science, INFORMS, vol. 31(6), pages 878-899, November.
    19. Michel Wedel & Rik Pieters & Ralf Lans, 2023. "Modeling Eye Movements During Decision Making: A Review," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 88(2), pages 697-729, June.
    20. Ladeira, Wagner Junior & Dalmoro, Marlon & de Oliveira Santini, Fernando & Ruffatto, Juliane & Zanoni, Roberto, 2021. "More bodily motor action, less visual attention: How supermarket stimuli and consumer-related factors influence gaze behavior," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 59(C).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Eye-tracking; Cognitive modeling; Visual presentation; Digital signage; Advertisement; Human factors; Ergonomics;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C00 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - General - - - General
    • D01 - Microeconomics - - General - - - Microeconomic Behavior: Underlying Principles
    • D03 - Microeconomics - - General - - - Behavioral Microeconomics: Underlying Principles
    • D40 - Microeconomics - - Market Structure, Pricing, and Design - - - General
    • D81 - Microeconomics - - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty - - - Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty
    • D83 - Microeconomics - - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty - - - Search; Learning; Information and Knowledge; Communication; Belief; Unawareness
    • D87 - Microeconomics - - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty - - - Neuroeconomics
    • D91 - Microeconomics - - Micro-Based Behavioral Economics - - - Role and Effects of Psychological, Emotional, Social, and Cognitive Factors on Decision Making
    • L15 - Industrial Organization - - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance - - - Information and Product Quality
    • L81 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Services - - - Retail and Wholesale Trade; e-Commerce
    • L82 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Services - - - Entertainment; Media
    • L86 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Services - - - Information and Internet Services; Computer Software
    • M31 - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics - - Marketing and Advertising - - - Marketing
    • M37 - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics - - Marketing and Advertising - - - Advertising

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:ahh:wpaper:worms2009. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Anna Kowalska-Pyzalska (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/kbpwrpl.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.