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The Food and Nutrition Assistance Landscape: Fiscal Year 2020 Annual Report

Author

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  • Toossi, Saied
  • Jones, Jordan W.
  • Hodges, Leslie

Abstract

The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) typically administers 15 domestic food and nutrition assistance programs that together affect the lives of millions of people and account for roughly two-thirds of USDA’s annual budget. In response to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, USDA launched two new programs, Pandemic Electronic Benefit Transfer (P-EBT) and the Farmers to Families Food Box Program (Food Box Program). Additionally, USDA implemented numerous policy changes that expanded the scope and coverage of existing programs. Together, these initiatives contributed to an increase in expenditures on food and nutrition assistance programs, which amounted to a historical inflation-adjusted high of $122.1 billion in fiscal year (FY) 2020 (October 1, 2019 to September 30, 2020). This report uses preliminary data from USDA’s Food and Nutrition Service (FNS) and Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS) to examine program trends in the largest U.S. food and nutrition assistance programs through FY 2020 and documents the many policy changes implemented since March 2020. It also summarizes a recent USDA, Economic Research Service report examining the prevalence of household food insecurity in the United States in 2019 and a working paper examining Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and P-EBT benefit redemptions during the pandemic.

Suggested Citation

  • Toossi, Saied & Jones, Jordan W. & Hodges, Leslie, "undated". "The Food and Nutrition Assistance Landscape: Fiscal Year 2020 Annual Report," USDA Miscellaneous 313475, United States Department of Agriculture.
    • Handle: RePEc:ags:usdami:313475
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.313475
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    Cited by:

    1. Baldwin, Katherine & Williams, Brian & Turner, Dylan & Tsiboe, Francis & Raszap Skorbiansky, Sharon & Sichko, Christopher & Jones, Jordan W. & Toossi, Saied, 2024. "U.S. Agricultural Policy Review, 2023," Economic Information Bulletin 349026, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    2. Jung Sun Lee & Vibha Bhargava & Travis A. Smith & Temitope Aiyejorun Walker, 2022. "The effects of aging services and the supplemental nutrition assistance program on food insecurity among older Georgians: 2018–2020," Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 44(2), pages 635-652, June.
    3. Toossi, Saied, 2023. "Cost of School Meals and Households’ Difficulty Paying for Expenses: Evidence from the Household Pulse Survey," Economic Brief 340805, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    4. Coleman-Jensen, Alisha & Rabbitt, Matthew P & Gregory, Christian A & Singh, Anita, 2021. "Household Food Security in the United States in 2020," Economic Research Report 327186, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    5. Toossi, Saied & Todd, Jessica E. & Guthrie, Joanne & Ollinger, Michael, 2024. "The National School Lunch Program: Background, Trends, and Issues, 2024 Edition," Economic Information Bulletin 347312, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    6. Jones, Jordan & Toossi, Saied & Hodges, Leslie, . "The Food and Nutrition Assistance Landscape: Fiscal Year 2021 Annual Report," Amber Waves:The Economics of Food, Farming, Natural Resources, and Rural America, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, vol. 2022(Economic ).
    7. Marchesi, Keenan & Toossi, Saied & Georg, Katy, 2025. "County Characteristics Associated with Receipt of Food Boxes Through the Farmers to Families Food Box Program," Economic Research Report 356484, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    8. Coleman-Jensen, Alisha & Rabbitt, Matthew & Gregory, Christian & Singh, Anita, . "Statistical Supplement to Household Food Security in the United States in 2021," Amber Waves:The Economics of Food, Farming, Natural Resources, and Rural America, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, vol. 2022(Administr).
    9. Coleman-Jensen, Alisha & Rabbitt, Matthew P & Gregory, Christian A & Singh, Anita, 2021. "Statistical Supplement to Household Food Security in the United States in 2020," Administrative Publications 327344, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    10. repec:ags:aaea22:335690 is not listed on IDEAS
    11. Jones, Jordan W. & Toossi, Saied, 2024. "The Food and Nutrition Assistance Landscape: Fiscal Year 2023 Annual Report," Economic Information Bulletin 344130, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    12. Baldwin, Katherine & Williams, Brian & Sichko, Christopher & Tsiboe, Francis & Toossi, Saied & Jones, Jordan W. & Turner, Dylan & Raszap Skorbiansky, Sharon, 2023. "U.S. Agricultural Policy Review, 2022," Economic Information Bulletin 339005, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    13. Carolyn Barnes, 2023. "“I Can’t Get Ahold of Them†: Perceptions of Administrative Burden and Administrative Exclusion across SNAP, WIC, and Medicaid during the COVID-19 Pandemic," The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, , vol. 706(1), pages 118-136, March.
    14. Leschewski, Andrea & Melo, Grace & Jones, Jordan W., 2022. "The SNAP Online Purchasing Pilot’s Impact on Food Sufficiency During the Covid-19 Pandemic," 2022 Annual Meeting, July 31-August 2, Anaheim, California 322060, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    15. Coleman-Jensen, Alisha & Rabbitt, Matthew P & Gregory, Christian A & Singh, Anita, 2022. "Statistical Supplement to Household Food Security in the United States in 2021," Administrative Publications 327331, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    16. repec:ags:aaea22:335543 is not listed on IDEAS
    17. John P. Casellas Connors & Mastura Safayet & Nathanael Rosenheim & Maria Watson, 2023. "Assessing changes in food pantry access after extreme events," Agriculture and Human Values, Springer;The Agriculture, Food, & Human Values Society (AFHVS), vol. 40(2), pages 619-634, June.
    18. Toossi, Saied & Jones, Jordan W., 2023. "The Food and Nutrition Assistance Landscape: Fiscal Year 2022 Annual Report," Economic Information Bulletin 337564, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    19. Okrent, Abigail & Zeballos, Eliana, "undated". "COVID-19 Working Paper: Consumer Food Spending Changes During the COVID-19 Pandemic," USDA Miscellaneous 333545, United States Department of Agriculture.
    20. Kabir Dasgupta & Alexander Plum, 2023. "Termination of SNAP Emergency Allotments, Food Sufficiency, and Economic Hardships," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2023-046, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    21. Toossi, Saied, 2021. "COVID-19 Working Paper: Filling the Pandemic Meal Gap: Disruptions to Child Nutrition Programs and Expansion of Free Meal Sites in the Early Months of the Pandemic," Administrative Publications 327342, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    22. Anne E. Lally & Alban Morina & Leah N. Vermont & Jill N. Tirabassi & Lucia A. Leone, 2022. "Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Mobile Produce Market Operations: Adaptations, Barriers, and Future Directions for Increasing Food Access," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(18), pages 1-16, September.

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