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How the nature of inequality reduction matters for CO2 emissions

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  • Angel, Tobias
  • Berthe, Alexandre
  • Costantini, Valeria
  • D’Angeli, Mariagrazia

Abstract

This study investigates the relationship between distinct types of inequality and CO2 emissions using panel data on 156 countries from 1995 to 2020. Using fixed effects panel and quantile regression techniques, we report estimates that indicate that pre-distribution (inequality reduction by structural changes and social protection) is better aligned with the goal of carbon emission reduction than redistribution (inequality reduction by transfers). However, those countries who contribute the least to global warming face the highest environmental degrading effect of pre-distribution. In contrast, pre-distribution decreases or does not affect the carbon emissions of the biggest global polluters. Redistribution, on the other hand, exhibits the reverse pattern. Moreover, we differentiate in this analysis between production-based and consumption-based emissions, finding on average higher challenges regarding joint inequality and emission reduction in countries that produce carbon intensive commodities. These findings call for international cooperation, structural changes and social protection policies to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals of joint inequality and carbon emission reduction.

Suggested Citation

  • Angel, Tobias & Berthe, Alexandre & Costantini, Valeria & D’Angeli, Mariagrazia, 2024. "How the nature of inequality reduction matters for CO2 emissions," FEEM Working Papers 343512, Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei (FEEM).
    • Handle: RePEc:ags:feemwp:343512
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.343512
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Climate Change; Environmental Economics and Policy;

    JEL classification:

    • C33 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Models with Panel Data; Spatio-temporal Models
    • D63 - Microeconomics - - Welfare Economics - - - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
    • H23 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Externalities; Redistributive Effects; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies
    • Q54 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Climate; Natural Disasters and their Management; Global Warming

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