Balancing Agricultural Productivity and Environmental Goals: Impacts of Livestock and Poultry Restrictions on Corn Production in China

This study empirically analyzes the impact of livestock and poultry restriction policy on corn production, based on county-level data from China spanning the years 2000 to 2021. Utilizing a multi-period difference-in-differences model, the research also explores the policy's effects on water environment quality. The findings indicate that while the policy has had some success in reducing the emission of acidic substances and raising water pH levels, its overall effectiveness in improving water quality remains limited. Conversely, the policy has led to a 6.8% reduction in corn planting area and a 5.7% decrease in total corn production. Notably, the impact on corn production is more pronounced in regions designated for moderate pig farming development and in counties not primarily engaged in livestock farming. Overall, the policy achieves relatively modest environmental benefits at a substantial economic cost. This study provides valuable insights and empirical evidence on balancing rural environmental protection with ensuring food supply, thereby reinforcing China's food security.