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Deglobalisierung, Rekonfiguration oder Business as Usual? COVID-19 und die Grenzen der Rückverlagerung globalisierter Produktion
[Deglobalization, reconfiguration, or business as usual? COVID-19 and the limits of reshoring of globalized production]

Author

Listed:
  • Butollo, Florian
  • Staritz, Cornelia

Abstract

Die wirtschaftlichen Erschütterungen infolge der COVID-19-Pandemie scheinen die Notwendigkeit einer geografischen Restrukturierung und Rückverlagerung der Produktion zu bestärken, führten sie doch die Verwundbarkeit der globalisierten Produktionsstrukturen vor Augen. Der Beitrag geht den Auswirkungen von COVID-19 auf die Geografie globaler Produktionsnetzwerke nach. In Abgrenzung zu unterkomplexen Perspektiven auf die Globalisierung wird deren multiskalarer und politisch gestalteter Charakter hervorgehoben. Basierend auf diesen theoretischen Überlegungen und Fallstudien zur Automobil‑, Elektronik- und Bekleidungsindustrie wird gefolgert, dass die COVID-19-Pandemie nicht als Auslöser für einen allgemeinen Rückbau der globalen Fertigung interpretiert werden kann, wohl aber bereits länger anhaltende Verschiebungen hin zu multipolaren Produktions- und Konsumstrukturen verstärkt. Zwar hat das Thema der Resilienz globaler Produktionsnetzwerke eine größere Aufmerksamkeit in der strategischen Planung von Unternehmen und der Industriepolitik von Staaten erhalten. Eine verstärkte Lokalisierung und Regionalisierung von Produktionsnetzwerken ist jedoch nur eine Strategie von mehreren und wurde bis jetzt kaum implementiert. Anhaltende Störungen der Lieferketten, steigende Transportkosten und vor allem geo- und umweltpolitisch motivierte Politiken könnten aber durchaus zu einem stärkeren Re- oder Nearshoring führen. Politische Bestrebungen in diese Richtung werden jedoch limitiert durch gewachsene weltwirtschaftliche Entwicklungspfade und die mit ihnen verbundenen Kräfteverhältnisse. Im Ausblick betont der Beitrag die Notwendigkeit einer umfassenden politisch motivierten Restrukturierung globaler Produktionsnetzwerke im Kontext der dringend gebotenen sozial-ökologischen Transformation.

Suggested Citation

  • Butollo, Florian & Staritz, Cornelia, 2022. "Deglobalisierung, Rekonfiguration oder Business as Usual? COVID-19 und die Grenzen der Rückverlagerung globalisierter Produktion [Deglobalization, reconfiguration, or business as usual? COVID-19 and the limits of reshoring of globalized production," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 32(3), pages 393-425.
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:espost:265101
    DOI: 10.1007/s11609-022-00479-5
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    References listed on IDEAS

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