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The U.S. Withdrawal, Taliban Takeover, And Ontological (In)Security In Afghanistan

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  • Thomas Ameyaw‐Brobbey

Abstract

Security discussions of the Taliban's second takeover of Afghanistan center on physical security threats, neglecting the ontological aspect related to how security entails the metaphysics of life—being, feeling alive, or having a sense of self. This article examines this ontological threat to the Afghan people to complement the security discussion and open up more avenues of dialog. I use ontological security to explain the Afghans’ behavior toward the Taliban takeover and ask how does the Taliban takeover of Afghanistan pose a security threat to urban Afghans? Why are urbanite Afghans paranoiac about the Taliban presence to the extent that some choose to die by falling from a moving aircraft? I use the ontological security analytical framework and discursive approach to finding answers. I argue that the Taliban takeover creates ontological insecurity that threatens urban Afghans’ sense of ordinary living or being in the world. Specifically, ontological insecurity creates significant and chronic uncertainties and dangers to Afghans. This is especially so regarding the urbanites with higher socioeconomic status, whose being in the world is threatened as their ordinary living conditions are likely to be contested by the Taliban. The contest is asymmetric, favoring the Taliban. Such uncertainty of existential conditions leads to mistrust of Urban Afghans’ basic sense of safety and a misrecognition of their true identity. Thus, their actions and behaviors have been consequent attempts to respond to the anxieties and risks to their existential position. This work contributes to the ontological security literature, helping fill the gap in the security discussions in international relations and serves policy relevance. Las discusiones sobre seguridad de la segunda toma de Afganistán por parte de los talibanes se centran en las amenazas a la seguridad física, descuidando el aspecto ontológico relacionado con cómo la seguridad implica la metafísica de la vida: ser, sentirse vivo o tener un sentido de uno mismo. Este artículo examina esta amenaza ontológica para el pueblo afgano para complementar la discusión sobre seguridad y abrir más vías de diálogo. Utilizo la seguridad ontológica para explicar el comportamiento de los afganos hacia la toma del poder por parte de los talibanes y pregunto cómo la toma del poder por parte de los talibanes en Afganistán representa una amenaza para la seguridad de los afganos urbanos. ¿Por qué los afganos urbanitas están paranoicos con la presencia de los talibanes hasta el punto de que algunos eligen morir al caer de un avión en movimiento? Utilizo el marco analítico de seguridad ontológica y el enfoque discursivo para encontrar respuestas. Argumento que la toma del poder por parte de los talibanes crea una inseguridad ontológica que amenaza el sentido de vida ordinaria o de estar en el mundo de los afganos urbanos. Específicamente, la inseguridad ontológica crea incertidumbres y peligros significativos y crónicos para los afganos. Esto es especialmente cierto en el caso de los habitantes urbanos con un estatus socioeconómico más alto, cuyo ser en el mundo se ve amenazado ya que es probable que los talibanes cuestionen sus condiciones de vida ordinarias. La contienda es asimétrica, favoreciendo a los talibanes. Esta incertidumbre de las condiciones existenciales genera desconfianza en el sentido básico de seguridad de los afganos urbanos y un desconocimiento de su verdadera identidad. Así, sus acciones y comportamientos han sido intentos consecuentes de responder a las angustias y riesgos de su posición existencial. Este trabajo contribuye a la literatura de seguridad ontológica, ayudando a llenar el vacío en las discusiones de seguridad en las relaciones internacionales y sirve de relevancia política. 关于塔利班第二次接管阿富汗的安全讨论集中于物理安全威胁,忽略了与“安全如何涉及生命的形而上学——存在、活着的感觉、或自我感”相关的本体论方面。本文试图分析阿富汗人民面对的本体论威胁,以期完善安全探讨并开辟更多讨论途径。因此,本文使用本体安全(ontological security)来解释阿富汗人对塔利班接管一事的行为。塔利班接管阿富汗一事如何对阿富汗城市居民构成安全威胁?为何阿富汗城市居民对塔利班的存在感到如此偏执,以至于有些人选择从飞机上坠落而死?我使用本体安全分析框架和话语方法来寻找答案。我论证认为,塔利班的接管造成了本体不安全,这种不安全对阿富汗城市居民的普通生活感受或在世界上的存在感构成威胁。具体而言,本体不安全对阿富汗人,特别是社会经济地位较高的城市居民,造成重大且长期的不确定性和危险,因为他们的一般生活条件很可能会受到塔利班的挑战。这种挑战是不对称的,其有利于塔利班。此外,这种生存条件的不确定性导致阿富汗城市居民对基本安全感的不信任和对其真实身份的误认。因此,他们的行动和行为是对其生存地位的焦虑和风险而作的后续尝试。本文对本体安全文献作贡献,帮助填补国际关系中安全讨论的空白,并具有政策相关性。

Suggested Citation

  • Thomas Ameyaw‐Brobbey, 2023. "The U.S. Withdrawal, Taliban Takeover, And Ontological (In)Security In Afghanistan," World Affairs, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 186(1), pages 105-134, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:woraff:v:186:y:2023:i:1:p:105-134
    DOI: 10.1177/00438200221125800
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Rubin, Barnett R., 2000. "The Political Economy of War and Peace in Afghanistan," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 28(10), pages 1789-1803, October.
    2. Daron Acemoglu & Camilo García-Jimeno & James A. Robinson, 2015. "State Capacity and Economic Development: A Network Approach," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 105(8), pages 2364-2409, August.
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