IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/vrs/ceuecj/v6y2019i53p199-220n8.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Liquidity and solvency of a company and the rate of return – an analysis of the Warsaw Stock Exchange

Author

Listed:
  • Zalewska Justyna

    (Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland)

  • Nehrebecka Natalia

    (Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland)

Abstract

The purpose of the article is to analyse the impact of various financial ratios used to evaluate a company’s liquidity and solvency on the rates of return on the shares of companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. In the context of developing countries, the relationship between liquidity and solvency on the one hand and the return on equity on the other is still not clear. Poland is the most economically developed country in Central and Eastern Europe. A thorough analysis is necessary to take appropriate action and introduce adequate regulations in the country, as well as to create the foundation for researching other economies in this region. In addition, this article includes new estimators that have not yet been taken into account but that may affect the rates of return, which will contribute to the literature on the subject and to the development of knowledge on the volatility of returns on shares. In the study, we have calculated the time-varying beta coefficients of the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) model and analysed portfolios based on three liquidity ratios and four solvency ratios, which were computed using the CAPM, Fama–French and Carhart models. The empirical study described in the article focuses on companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange in the period from 1 January 1999 to 30 June 2013. Regressions were estimated by the least-squares method and by quantile regression. Based on the results, it was found that listed companies at risk of bankruptcy are able to meet their short-term liabilities. Liquidity and solvency measured by financial ratios significantly affect the sensitivity of the rate of return on shares to the risk factors expressed in the CAPM, Fama––French and Carhart models.

Suggested Citation

  • Zalewska Justyna & Nehrebecka Natalia, 2019. "Liquidity and solvency of a company and the rate of return – an analysis of the Warsaw Stock Exchange," Central European Economic Journal, Sciendo, vol. 6(53), pages 199-220, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:vrs:ceuecj:v:6:y:2019:i:53:p:199-220:n:8
    DOI: 10.2478/ceej-2019-0013
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.2478/ceej-2019-0013
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.2478/ceej-2019-0013?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    Other versions of this item:

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Bruce Hearn, 2014. "Size and liquidity effects in Nigeria: an industrial sector study," Journal of Developing Areas, Tennessee State University, College of Business, vol. 48(3), pages 1-30, July-Sept.
    2. Che-Min Chen & Han-Hsing Lee, 2013. "Default Risk, Liquidity Risk, and Equity Returns: Evidence from the Taiwan Market," Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 49(1), pages 101-129, January.
    3. Lorenzo Garlappi & Hong Yan, 2011. "Financial Distress and the Cross‐section of Equity Returns," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 66(3), pages 789-822, June.
    4. Viral Acharya & Sergei A. Davydenko & Ilya A. Strebulaev, 2012. "Cash Holdings and Credit Risk," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 25(12), pages 3572-3609.
    5. Bali, Turan G. & Zhou, Hao, 2016. "Risk, Uncertainty, and Expected Returns," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 51(3), pages 707-735, June.
    6. Palazzo, Berardino, 2012. "Cash holdings, risk, and expected returns," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 104(1), pages 162-185.
    7. Jelena Minović & Boško Živković, 2012. "Impact Of Liquidity And Size Premium On Equity Price Formation In Serbia," Economic Annals, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Belgrade, vol. 57(195), pages 43-78, October -.
    8. Amihud, Yakov, 2002. "Illiquidity and stock returns: cross-section and time-series effects," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 5(1), pages 31-56, January.
    9. Cotter, John & Sullivan, Niall O' & Rossi, Francesco, 2015. "The conditional pricing of systematic and idiosyncratic risk in the UK equity market," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 37(C), pages 184-193.
    10. Waszczuk, Antonina, 2013. "A risk-based explanation of return patterns—Evidence from the Polish stock market," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 15(C), pages 186-210.
    11. Simon So & Gordon Tang, 2010. "An examination of conditional effect on cross-sectional returns: Singapore evidence," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 42(6), pages 777-795.
    12. Roger Koenker & Kevin F. Hallock, 2001. "Quantile Regression," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 15(4), pages 143-156, Fall.
    13. Nils Friewald & Christian Wagner & Josef Zechner, 2014. "The Cross-Section of Credit Risk Premia and Equity Returns," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 69(6), pages 2419-2469, December.
    14. Jonathan A. Batten & Xuan Vinh Vo, 2014. "Liquidity and Return Relationships in an Emerging Market," Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 50(1), pages 5-21, January.
    15. Holden, Craig W., 2009. "New low-frequency spread measures," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 12(4), pages 778-813, November.
    16. Bo Li & Qian Sun & Changyun Wang, 2014. "Liquidity, Liquidity Risk and Stock Returns: Evidence from Japan," European Financial Management, European Financial Management Association, vol. 20(1), pages 126-151, January.
    17. Fama, Eugene F & French, Kenneth R, 1992. "The Cross-Section of Expected Stock Returns," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 47(2), pages 427-465, June.
    18. Park, James L., 2015. "Equity returns of distressed equity issuers," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 14(C), pages 93-103.
    19. Lischewski, Judith & Voronkova, Svitlana, 2012. "Size, value and liquidity. Do They Really Matter on an Emerging Stock Market?," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 13(1), pages 8-25.
    20. Vu, Van & Chai, Daniel & Do, Viet, 2015. "Empirical tests on the liquidity-adjusted capital asset pricing model," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 35(PA), pages 73-89.
    21. Bradrania, M. Reza & Peat, Maurice, 2014. "Characteristic liquidity, systematic liquidity and expected returns," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 33(C), pages 78-98.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Mselmi, Nada & Hamza, Taher & Lahiani, Amine & Shahbaz, Muhammad, 2019. "Pricing corporate financial distress: Empirical evidence from the French stock market," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 13-27.
    2. M. Reza Bradrania & Maurice Peat & Stephen Satchell, 2022. "Liquidity Costs, Idiosyncratic Volatility and Expected Stock Returns," Papers 2211.04695, arXiv.org.
    3. Cakici, Nusret & Zaremba, Adam, 2021. "Liquidity and the cross-section of international stock returns," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 127(C).
    4. Rapheedah Musneh & Mohd. Rahimie Abdul Karim & Caroline Geetha A/P Arokiadasan Baburaw, 2021. "Liquidity risk and stock returns: empirical evidence from industrial products and services sector in Bursa Malaysia," Future Business Journal, Springer, vol. 7(1), pages 1-10, December.
    5. Stereńczak, Szymon & Zaremba, Adam & Umar, Zaghum, 2020. "Is there an illiquidity premium in frontier markets?," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 42(C).
    6. Reza Bradrania, M. & Peat, Maurice & Satchell, Stephen, 2015. "Liquidity costs, idiosyncratic volatility and expected stock returns," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 394-406.
    7. Priyanka Naik & Y. V. Reddy, 2021. "Stock Market Liquidity: A Literature Review," SAGE Open, , vol. 11(1), pages 21582440209, January.
    8. Chen, Jiun-Lin & Jia, Z. Tingting & Sun, Ping-Wen, 2016. "Real option component of cash holdings, business cycle, and stock returns," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 97-106.
    9. Karstanje, Dennis & Sojli, Elvira & Tham, Wing Wah & van der Wel, Michel, 2013. "Economic valuation of liquidity timing," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 37(12), pages 5073-5087.
    10. Chris Godfrey & Chris Brooks, 2015. "The Negative Credit Risk Premium Puzzle: A Limits to Arbitrage Story," ICMA Centre Discussion Papers in Finance icma-dp2015-07, Henley Business School, University of Reading.
    11. Bee-Hoong Tay & Pei-Tha Gan, 2016. "The Determinants of Investment Rewards: Evidence for Selected Developed and Developing Countries," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, vol. 6(3), pages 1180-1188.
    12. Lin, Qi, 2017. "Noisy prices and the Fama–French five-factor asset pricing model in China," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 31(C), pages 141-163.
    13. Chuan ‘Chewie’ Ang, Tze & Lam, F.Y. Eric C. & Ma, Tai & Wang, Shujing & Wei, K.C. John, 2019. "What is the real relationship between cash holdings and stock returns?," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 513-528.
    14. Assaf Eisdorfer & Efdal Ulas Misirli, 2020. "Distressed Stocks in Distressed Times," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 66(6), pages 2452-2473, June.
    15. Baradarannia, M. Reza & Peat, Maurice, 2013. "Liquidity and expected returns—Evidence from 1926–2008," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 10-23.
    16. Erten, Irem & Okay, Nesrin, 2012. "Deciphering Liquidity Risk on the Istanbul Stock Exchange," MPRA Paper 56148, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 2012.
    17. Auer, Benjamin R. & Rottmann, Horst, 2019. "Have capital market anomalies worldwide attenuated in the recent era of high liquidity and trading activity?," Journal of Economics and Business, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 61-79.
    18. Campbell R. Harvey & Yan Liu & Heqing Zhu, 2014. ". . . and the Cross-Section of Expected Returns," NBER Working Papers 20592, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    19. Hou, Kewei & Xue, Chen & Zhang, Lu, 2017. "Replicating Anomalies," Working Paper Series 2017-10, Ohio State University, Charles A. Dice Center for Research in Financial Economics.
    20. French, Declan & Wu, Yuliang & Li, Youwei, 2016. "Identifying the relative importance of stock characteristics," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 34(C), pages 80-91.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    liquidity; solvency; asset pricing models; CAPM; portfolio analysis;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G12 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Asset Pricing; Trading Volume; Bond Interest Rates
    • G32 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill
    • G33 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Bankruptcy; Liquidation
    • G35 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Payout Policy

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:vrs:ceuecj:v:6:y:2019:i:53:p:199-220:n:8. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Peter Golla (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.sciendo.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.