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External Habit and the Cyclicality of Expected Stock Returns

Author

Listed:
  • Thomas D. Tallarini, Jr.

    (Federal Reserve Board)

  • Harold H. Zhang

    (Kennan-Flager Business School, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill)

Abstract

We estimate an equilibrium asset pricing model in which agents' preferences have an unobserved external habit using the efficient method of moments (EMM). Given the estimated structural parameters, we examine the cyclical behavior of expected stock returns in the model. We find that the estimated structural parameters imply countercyclical expected stock returns as documented in existing empirical studies. The model, however, is still rejected at the 1% level. Detailed examination of the moment conditions in our estimation indicates that the model performs reasonably well in matching the mean of returns, but it fails to capture the higher-order moments.

Suggested Citation

  • Thomas D. Tallarini, Jr. & Harold H. Zhang, 2005. "External Habit and the Cyclicality of Expected Stock Returns," The Journal of Business, University of Chicago Press, vol. 78(3), pages 1023-1048, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:ucp:jnlbus:v:78:y:2005:i:3:p:1023-1048
    DOI: 10.1086/429652
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    Cited by:

    1. Christophe Chamley, 2006. "Complementarities in information acquisition with short-term trades," Boston University - Department of Economics - Working Papers Series WP2006-042, Boston University - Department of Economics.
    2. Jianfeng Yu, 2009. "The Long and the Short of Asset Prices: Using Long Run Consumption-Return Correlations to Test Asset Pricing Models," 2009 Meeting Papers 56, Society for Economic Dynamics.
    3. Møller, Stig Vinther, 2009. "Habit persistence: Explaining cross-sectional variation in returns and time-varying expected returns," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 16(4), pages 525-536, September.
    4. Liu, Ming & Zhang, Harold H., 1998. "Overparameterization in the seminonparametric density estimation," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 60(1), pages 11-18, July.
    5. Ming Liu & Harold H. Zhang, "undated". "Specification Tests in the Efficient Method of Moments Framework with Application to the Stochastic Volatility Models," Computing in Economics and Finance 1997 93, Society for Computational Economics.
    6. Reis Gomes, Fábio Augusto, 2020. "Evaluating a consumption function with precautionary savings and habit formation under a general income process," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 157-166.
    7. Edward R. Lawrence & John Geppert & Arun J. Prakash, 2009. "An Empirical Investigation of the Campbell-Cochrane Habit Utility Model," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 36(5-6), pages 774-791.
    8. Edward R. Lawrence & John Geppert & Arun J. Prakash, 2009. "An Empirical Investigation of the Campbell‐Cochrane Habit Utility Model," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 36(5‐6), pages 774-791, June.
    9. Perron, Pierre & Wada, Tatsuma, 2009. "Let's take a break: Trends and cycles in US real GDP," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 56(6), pages 749-765, September.
    10. Balvers, Ronald J. & Huang, Dayong, 2007. "Productivity-based asset pricing: Theory and evidence," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 86(2), pages 405-445, November.
    11. Adrien Verdelhan, 2010. "A Habit‐Based Explanation of the Exchange Rate Risk Premium," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 65(1), pages 123-146, February.
    12. Michael T. Kiley, 2010. "Habit Persistence, Nonseparability between Consumption and Leisure, or Rule-of-Thumb Consumers: Which Accounts for the Predictability of Consumption Growth?," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 92(3), pages 679-683, August.
    13. Olivier Allais, 2004. "Local Substitution and Habit Persistence: Matching the Moments of the Equity Premium and the Risk-Free Rate," Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 7(2), pages 265-296, April.
    14. Morten Ravn & Stephanie Schmitt-Grohé & Martín Uribe, 2006. "Deep Habits," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 73(1), pages 195-218.
    15. Wonnho Choi, 2018. "Consumption-based capital asset pricing models: issues and controversies," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 50(1), pages 181-205, January.
    16. Wachter, Jessica A., 2005. "Solving models with external habit," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 2(4), pages 210-226, December.
    17. Pohl, Walt, 2016. "External habit: Anything goes," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 140-142.
    18. Tzu-Ming Liu, 2020. "Habit formation or word of mouth: What does lagged dependent variable in tourism demand models imply?," Tourism Economics, , vol. 26(3), pages 461-474, May.
    19. Engsted, Tom & Hyde, Stuart & Møller, Stig V., 2010. "Habit formation, surplus consumption and return predictability: International evidence," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 29(7), pages 1237-1255, November.
    20. Melisso Boschi & Stefano d'Addona & Aditya Goenka, 2012. "Testing External Habits in an Asset Pricing Model," CAMA Working Papers 2012-20, Centre for Applied Macroeconomic Analysis, Crawford School of Public Policy, The Australian National University.

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