IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/spr/trosos/v16y2022i2d10.1007_s12626-022-00121-z.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Employee Number Dependence in Labor Productivity Distribution

Author

Listed:
  • Atushi Ishikawa

    (Kanazawa Gakuin University)

  • Takayuki Mizuno

    (National Institute of Informatics)

  • Shouji Fujimoto

    (Kanazawa Gakuin University)

Abstract

Using data from Japanese and French firms in the 2020 edition of ORBIS, the world’s largest commercial database, we define labor productivity to be the operating revenue per employee and analyze the dependence of distribution on the number of employees by industry. We found that the distribution of labor productivity in non-manufacturing industries is basically independent of the number of employees in each country. On the other hand, in the construction and manufacturing industries, the distribution of labor productivity shifts in a higher direction as the number of employees increases. Furthermore, we show theoretically that the logarithm of labor productivity is linearly connected to the logarithm of the number of employees, and that the strength of the connection is proportional to the difference between the ratio of the Pareto index of the number of employees to operating revenue and 1. We confirm this finding in empirical data.

Suggested Citation

  • Atushi Ishikawa & Takayuki Mizuno & Shouji Fujimoto, 2022. "Employee Number Dependence in Labor Productivity Distribution," The Review of Socionetwork Strategies, Springer, vol. 16(2), pages 465-477, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:trosos:v:16:y:2022:i:2:d:10.1007_s12626-022-00121-z
    DOI: 10.1007/s12626-022-00121-z
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12626-022-00121-z
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to the full text of the articles in this series is restricted.
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1007/s12626-022-00121-z?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ishikawa, Atushi & Fujimoto, Shouji & Watanabe, Tsutomu & Mizuno, Takayuki, 2013. "The emergence of different tail exponents in the distributions of firm size variables," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 392(9), pages 2104-2113.
    2. Aoyama,Hideaki & Fujiwara,Yoshi & Ikeda,Yuichi & Iyetomi,Hiroshi & Souma,Wataru Preface by-Name:Yoshikawa,Hiroshi, 2010. "Econophysics and Companies," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9780521191494.
    3. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/f6h8764enu2lskk9p2m9j4i07 is not listed on IDEAS
    4. Fujiwara, Yoshi & Souma, Wataru & Aoyama, Hideaki & Kaizoji, Taisei & Aoki, Masanao, 2003. "Growth and fluctuations of personal income," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 321(3), pages 598-604.
    5. Keith Head & Thierry Mayer & Mathias Thoenig, 2014. "Welfare and Trade without Pareto," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 104(5), pages 310-316, May.
    6. Aoyama, Hideaki & Souma, Wataru & Fujiwara, Yoshi, 2003. "Growth and fluctuations of personal and company's income," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 324(1), pages 352-358.
    7. Shouji Fujimoto & Takayuki Mizuno & Atushi Ishikawa, 2022. "Interpolation of non-random missing values in financial statements’ big data using CatBoost," Journal of Computational Social Science, Springer, vol. 5(2), pages 1281-1301, November.
    8. Ishikawa, Atushi, 2006. "Derivation of the distribution from extended Gibrat's law," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 367(C), pages 425-434.
    9. Nigai, Sergey, 2017. "A tale of two tails: Productivity distribution and the gains from trade," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 44-62.
    10. Ishikawa, Atushi, 2006. "Annual change of Pareto index dynamically deduced from the law of detailed quasi-balance," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 371(2), pages 525-535.
    11. Garibaldi,Ubaldo & Scalas,Enrico, 2010. "Finitary Probabilistic Methods in Econophysics," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9780521515597.
    12. Fujiwara, Yoshi & Di Guilmi, Corrado & Aoyama, Hideaki & Gallegati, Mauro & Souma, Wataru, 2004. "Do Pareto–Zipf and Gibrat laws hold true? An analysis with European firms," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 335(1), pages 197-216.
    13. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/5fjm1f1p0v93k9png4qo8ltnrf is not listed on IDEAS
    14. Atushi Ishikawa, 2007. "The uniqueness of company size distribution function from tent-shaped growth rate distribution," Papers physics/0702248, arXiv.org.
    15. repec:hal:wpspec:info:hdl:2441/f6h8764enu2lskk9p2m9j4i07 is not listed on IDEAS
    16. Ishikawa, Atushi, 2007. "The uniqueness of firm size distribution function from tent-shaped growth rate distribution," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 383(1), pages 79-84.
    17. Keith Head & Thierry Mayer & Mathias Thoenig, 2014. "Welfare and Trade without Pareto," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 104(5), pages 310-316, May.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Takayuki Mizuno & Takaaki Ohnishi & Ryohei Hisano & Hiroshi Iyetomi & Tsutomu Watanabe, 2022. "Preface of Special Issue on Data Science Questing for a Better Society," The Review of Socionetwork Strategies, Springer, vol. 16(2), pages 333-335, October.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Atushi Ishikawa & Shouji Fujimoto & Takayuki Mizuno & Tsutomu Watanabe, 2017. "Dependence of the decay rate of firm activities on firm age," Evolutionary and Institutional Economics Review, Springer, vol. 14(2), pages 351-362, December.
    2. Atushi Ishikawa & Shouji Fujimoto & Takayuki Mizuno & Tsutomu Watanabe, 2016. "Long-term firm growth properties derived from short-term laws of sales and number of employees in Japan and France," Evolutionary and Institutional Economics Review, Springer, vol. 13(2), pages 409-422, December.
    3. Atushi Ishikawa & Shouji Fujimoto & Takayuki Mizuno, 2019. "Statistical law observed in inactive rate of firms," Evolutionary and Institutional Economics Review, Springer, vol. 16(1), pages 201-212, June.
    4. Atushi Ishikawa & Shouji Fujimoto & Takayuki Mizuno, 2021. "Why does production function take the Cobb–Douglas form?," Evolutionary and Institutional Economics Review, Springer, vol. 18(1), pages 79-102, April.
    5. Ishikawa, Atushi, 2008. "Power-Law and Log-Normal Distributions in Firm Size Displacement Data," Economics Discussion Papers 2008-45, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
    6. Shouji Fujimoto & Atushi Ishikawa & Takayuki Mizuno, 2022. "Copula-Based Synthetic Data Generation in Firm-Size Variables," The Review of Socionetwork Strategies, Springer, vol. 16(2), pages 479-492, October.
    7. Hernan Mondani & Petter Holme & Fredrik Liljeros, 2014. "Fat-Tailed Fluctuations in the Size of Organizations: The Role of Social Influence," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(7), pages 1-9, July.
    8. Defever, Fabrice & Riaño, Alejandro, 2022. "Firm-destination heterogeneity and the distribution of export intensity," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 219(C).
    9. Ma, Tao & Holden, John G. & Serota, R.A., 2013. "Distribution of wealth in a network model of the economy," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 392(10), pages 2434-2441.
    10. Bas, Maria & Mayer, Thierry & Thoenig, Mathias, 2017. "From micro to macro: Demand, supply, and heterogeneity in the trade elasticity," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 1-19.
    11. Xu, Yan & Wang, Yougui & Tao, Xiaobo & Ližbetinová, Lenka, 2017. "Evidence of Chinese income dynamics and its effects on income scaling law," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 487(C), pages 143-152.
    12. Ruben Dewitte & Michel Dumont & Glenn Rayp & Peter Willemé, 2022. "Unobserved heterogeneity in the productivity distribution and gains from trade," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 55(3), pages 1566-1597, August.
    13. Ishikawa, Atushi, 2009. "Power-Law and Log-Normal Distributions in Temporal Changes of Firm-Size Variables," Economics - The Open-Access, Open-Assessment E-Journal (2007-2020), Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel), vol. 3, pages 1-25.
    14. Bottazzi, Giulio, 2009. "On the irreconcilability of Pareto and Gibrat laws," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 388(7), pages 1133-1136.
    15. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/nki2gcedn93280ns6fslbhdnm is not listed on IDEAS
    16. Junho Na & Jeong-dong Lee & Chulwoo Baek, 2017. "Is the service sector different in size heterogeneity?," Journal of Economic Interaction and Coordination, Springer;Society for Economic Science with Heterogeneous Interacting Agents, vol. 12(1), pages 95-120, April.
    17. Kerim Eser Afc{s}ar & Mehmet Ozyi~git & Yusuf Yuksel & Umit Ak{i}nc{i}, 2021. "Testing the Goodwin Growth Cycles with Econophysics Approach in 2002-2019 Period in Turkey," Papers 2106.02546, arXiv.org.
    18. Görg, Holger & Henze, Philipp & Jienwatcharamongkhol, Viroj & Kopasker, Daniel & Molana, Hassan & Montagna, Catia & Sjöholm, Fredrik, 2017. "Firm size distribution and employment fluctuations: Theory and evidence," Research in Economics, Elsevier, vol. 71(4), pages 690-703.
    19. Murat ATAN & Emre BOZDAĞ, 2011. "Avrupa Karbonatlı İçecekler Piyasasında Firma Büyüklüğü Ve Büyüklük Genişleme Oranı İlişkisi," Ekonomik Yaklasim, Ekonomik Yaklasim Association, vol. 22(80), pages 19-38.
    20. Ogwang, Tomson, 2013. "Is the wealth of the world’s billionaires Paretian?," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 392(4), pages 757-762.
    21. Cui, Jian & Pan, Qiuhui & Qian, Qian & He, Mingfeng & Sun, Qilin, 2013. "A multi-agent dynamic model based on different kinds of bequests," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 392(6), pages 1393-1397.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:spr:trosos:v:16:y:2022:i:2:d:10.1007_s12626-022-00121-z. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.springer.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.