Policy efforts and challenges in promoting biomass briquettes for clean cooking energy transition in ghana: a multi-stakeholder perspective

The transition to clean cooking fuels in Ghana remains a critical yet under-prioritized component of the country’s sustainable energy agenda. Existing studies have mostly focused on households’ awareness and willingness to adopt briquettes. In this study, we examine the policy efforts and institutional challenges shaping the adoption of biomass briquettes—a circular, low-emission alternative to traditional fuels. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with stakeholders across government, industry, and civil society, the analysis reveals a landscape characterized by fragmented policies, limited institutional coordination, socio-cultural resistance, and market informality. Despite notable advantages in efficiency, health, and sustainability, briquettes face structural barriers including weak policy mandates, logistical bottlenecks, and low consumer awareness. The study highlights the gendered dynamics of cooking energy use and emphasizes the need for inclusive, context-sensitive interventions. A dedicated national briquette strategy, enhanced inter-agency collaboration, support for women-led enterprises, and targeted public engagement are recommended for aligning Ghana’s clean cooking initiatives with its climate, development, and equity goals.