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Using Indicators of Multiple Deprivation to Demonstrate the Spatial Legacy of Apartheid in South Africa

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  • Michael Noble
  • Gemma Wright

Abstract

This paper presents a spatial analysis of multiple deprivation in South Africa and demonstrates that the most deprived areas in the country are located in the rural former homeland areas. The analysis is undertaken using the datazone level South African Index of Multiple Deprivation which was constructed from the 2001 Census. Datazones are a new statistical geography designed especially for this Index using techniques developed in the United Kingdom. They are smaller in population size than wards, enabling fine-grained spatial analysis of deprivation across the whole of South Africa. The spatial scale used is the smallest to be used in a developing country to date. Levels of deprivation are compared between former homeland areas as a whole, the rest of South Africa and a case-study township, as well as between each former homeland. Individual dimensions of deprivation and an overall composite measure are presented. Municipality-level analysis shows that this spatial pattern of multiple deprivation continued to persist in 2007, demonstrating the ongoing spatial legacy of apartheid. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2013

Suggested Citation

  • Michael Noble & Gemma Wright, 2013. "Using Indicators of Multiple Deprivation to Demonstrate the Spatial Legacy of Apartheid in South Africa," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 112(1), pages 187-201, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:soinre:v:112:y:2013:i:1:p:187-201
    DOI: 10.1007/s11205-012-0047-3
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    6. Michael Noble & Helen Barnes & Gemma Wright & Benjamin Roberts, 2010. "Small Area Indices of Multiple Deprivation in South Africa," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 95(2), pages 281-297, January.
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    2. Scott W Hegerty, 2022. ""Rust Belt" Across America: An Application of a Nationwide, Block-Group-Level Deprivation Index," Papers 2210.16155, arXiv.org.
    3. Otterbach, Steffen & Rogan, Michael, 2017. "Spatial differences in stunting and household agricultural production in South African: (re-)examining the links using national panel survey data," Hohenheim Discussion Papers in Business, Economics and Social Sciences 13-2017, University of Hohenheim, Faculty of Business, Economics and Social Sciences.
    4. Tina Fransman & Derek Yu, 2018. "Multidimensional poverty in South Africa in 2001-2016," Working Papers 07/2018, Stellenbosch University, Department of Economics.
    5. Anda David & Nathalie Guilbert & Nobuaki Hamaguchi & Yudai Higashi & Hiroyuki Hino & Murray Leibbrandt & Muna Shifa, 2018. "Spatial Poverty and Inequality in South Africa: A Municipality Level Analysis," Discussion Paper Series DP2018-02, Research Institute for Economics & Business Administration, Kobe University.
    6. Ward, Catherine D. & Shackleton, Charlie M., 2016. "Natural Resource Use, Incomes, and Poverty Along the Rural–Urban Continuum of Two Medium-Sized, South African Towns," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 80-93.
    7. Ronelle Burger & Servaas Berg & Sarel Walt & Derek Yu, 2017. "The Long Walk: Considering the Enduring Spatial and Racial Dimensions of Deprivation Two Decades After the Fall of Apartheid," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 130(3), pages 1101-1123, February.
    8. Scott W. Hegerty, 2021. "Spatial Measures of Socioeconomic Deprivation: An Application to Four Midwestern Industrial Cities," Papers 2105.07821, arXiv.org.
    9. Suich, Helen & Pham, Trang & Yap, Mandy, 2024. "Individuals’ experiences of multidimensional poverty through the lenses of gender and age – Findings from South Africa," World Development Perspectives, Elsevier, vol. 34(C).
    10. Otterbach, Steffen & Oskorouchi, Hamid Reza & Rogan, Michael & Qaim, Matin, 2021. "Using Google data to measure the role of Big Food and fast food in South Africa’s obesity epidemic," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 140(C).
    11. Weimann, Amy & Dai, Dajun & Oni, Tolu, 2016. "A cross-sectional and spatial analysis of the prevalence of multimorbidity and its association with socioeconomic disadvantage in South Africa: A comparison between 2008 and 2012," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 144-156.
    12. Marco Pomati & Shailen Nandy & Sunny Jose & Bheemeshwar Reddy, 2024. "Multidimensional Adult and Child Poverty in India—Establishing Consensus About Socially Perceived Necessities for a New Measure of Poverty," Indian Journal of Human Development, , vol. 18(2), pages 159-176, August.
    13. Steinert, Janina Isabel & Cluver, Lucie Dale & Meinck, Franziska & Doubt, Jenny & Vollmer, Sebastian, 2018. "Household economic strengthening through financial and psychosocial programming: Evidence from a field experiment in South Africa," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 443-466.
    14. Umakrishnan Kollamparambil, 2021. "Non‐income effect of land ownership and tenure on subjective wellbeing in South Africa," South African Journal of Economics, Economic Society of South Africa, vol. 89(2), pages 301-323, June.

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