IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/spr/nathaz/v121y2025i3d10.1007_s11069-024-06902-9.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The psychological consequences of 6 February 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquakes

Author

Listed:
  • Ibrahim Kiymis

    (Gumushane University)

  • Merve Fakioglu

    (Gumushane University)

Abstract

The Kahramanmaraş earthquakes (2023) are the largest and most destructive earthquakes witnessed in the era of the Republic of Turkey. Earthquakes lead to serious mental health disorders (MHD) such as Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in individuals. Earthquakes that cause significant death and injury on a large scale, such as the Kahramanmaraş earthquakes, can result in various mental health disorders. Therefore, the aim of the study was to examine the effects of variables such as PTSD, event impact, psychological resilience, depression, and anxiety levels on adult earthquake survivors affected by the Kahramanmaraş earthquakes, using a quantitative research approach with survey techniques. A total of 662 earthquake survivors were reached. The effect of variables on each other was analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). According to the findings of the study, event impact had a significant and positive effect on PTSD (β = 0.780, p = 0.000). Unexpectedly, resilience did not have a significant effect on PTSD (β=-0.04, p > 0.05). PTSD had a significant and positive effect on anxiety (β = 0.936, p = 0.000) and depression (β = 0.643, p = 0.000). Consequently, event impact’s severity increased PTSD, which in turn led to anxiety and depression. Surprisingly, psychological resilience did not serve as a protective factor against PTSD. For future research, it is recommended to examine psychological resilience with different event types, on different sample groups, and using more comprehensive and varied methods.

Suggested Citation

  • Ibrahim Kiymis & Merve Fakioglu, 2025. "The psychological consequences of 6 February 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquakes," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 121(3), pages 2919-2940, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:nathaz:v:121:y:2025:i:3:d:10.1007_s11069-024-06902-9
    DOI: 10.1007/s11069-024-06902-9
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11069-024-06902-9
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to the full text of the articles in this series is restricted.
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1007/s11069-024-06902-9?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Erdem Bayrak & Şeyda Yılmaz & Mustafa Softa & Tuğba Türker & Yusuf Bayrak, 2015. "Earthquake hazard analysis for East Anatolian Fault Zone, Turkey," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 76(2), pages 1063-1077, March.
    2. Girish Prayag & Samuel Spector & Caroline Orchiston & Mesbahuddin Chowdhury, 2020. "Psychological resilience, organizational resilience and life satisfaction in tourism firms: insights from the Canterbury earthquakes," Current Issues in Tourism, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 23(10), pages 1216-1233, May.
    3. Liuhua Ying & Xinchun Wu & Chongde Lin & Lina Jiang, 2014. "Traumatic Severity and Trait Resilience as Predictors of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Depressive Symptoms among Adolescent Survivors of the Wenchuan Earthquake," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(2), pages 1-7, February.
    4. Paudel, Jayash & Ryu, Hanbyul, 2018. "Natural disasters and human capital: The case of Nepal’s earthquake," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 1-12.
    5. Henry Kaiser, 1974. "An index of factorial simplicity," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 39(1), pages 31-36, March.
    6. Emma Facer-Irwin & Nigel J Blackwood & Annie Bird & Hannah Dickson & Daniel McGlade & Filipa Alves-Costa & Deirdre MacManus, 2019. "PTSD in prison settings: A systematic review and meta-analysis of comorbid mental disorders and problematic behaviours," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(9), pages 1-28, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Lillemo, Shuling Chen, 2014. "Measuring the effect of procrastination and environmental awareness on households' energy-saving behaviours: An empirical approach," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 249-256.
    2. Simplice A. Asongu, 2014. "Knowledge Economy and Financial Sector Competition in African Countries," African Development Review, African Development Bank, vol. 26(2), pages 333-346, June.
    3. Pasura Aungkulanon & Walailak Atthirawong & Pongchanun Luangpaiboon & Wirachchaya Chanpuypetch, 2024. "Navigating Supply Chain Resilience: A Hybrid Approach to Agri-Food Supplier Selection," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-42, May.
    4. Rodríguez-Fuentes, Carlos Javier & Hernández-López, Montserrat, 1997. "Análisis de diferencias estructurales interregionales determinantes en el impacto de la política monetaria," Estudios de Economia Aplicada, Estudios de Economia Aplicada, vol. 7, pages 141-157, Junio.
    5. Asongu, Simplice & Tchamyou, Vanessa & Asongu, Ndemaze & Tchamyou, Nina, 2018. "The Comparative African Economics of Governance in Fighting Terrorism," MPRA Paper 92346, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    6. Simplice A Asongu, 2013. "Modeling the future of knowledge economy: evidence from SSA and MENA countries," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 33(1), pages 612-624.
    7. Xiangfei Yuan & Haijing Hao & Chenghua Guan & Alex Pentland, 2022. "Which factors affect the performance of technology business incubators in China? An entrepreneurial ecosystem perspective," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 17(1), pages 1-20, January.
    8. Orkhan Sariyev & Tim K. Loos & Manfred Zeller & Tulsi Gurung, 2020. "Women in household decision-making and implications for dietary quality in Bhutan," Agricultural and Food Economics, Springer;Italian Society of Agricultural Economics (SIDEA), vol. 8(1), pages 1-20, December.
    9. Romero, Pascual & Botía, Pablo & del Amor, Francisco M. & Gil-Muñoz, Rocío & Flores, Pilar & Navarro, Josefa María, 2019. "Interactive effects of the rootstock and the deficit irrigation technique on wine composition, nutraceutical potential, aromatic profile, and sensory attributes under semiarid and water limiting condi," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 225(C).
    10. Mohd Hizam Hanafiah, & Sheikh Usman Yousaf, & Bushra Usman,, 2017. "The influence of psychological capital on the growth intentions of entrepreneurs: A study on Malaysian SME entrepreneurs," Business and Economic Horizons (BEH), Prague Development Center, vol. 13(5), pages 556-569, December.
    11. Omar Hegazi & Samer Alalalmeh & Ahmad Alfaresi & Soheil Dashtinezhad & Ahmed Bahada & Moyad Shahwan & Ammar Abdulrahman Jairoun & Tesleem K. Babalola & Haya Yasin, 2022. "Development, Validation, and Utilization of a Social Media Use and Mental Health Questionnaire among Middle Eastern and Western Adults: A Pilot Study from the UAE," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(23), pages 1-18, November.
    12. Mudaca, Joao Daniel & Tsuchiya, Toshiyuki & Yamada, Masaaki & Onwona-Agyeman, Siaw, 2015. "Household participation in Payments for Ecosystem Services: A case study from Mozambique," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 21-27.
    13. Paul MUKUCHA & Divaries Cosmas JARAVAZA & Forbes MAKUDZA, 2022. "Towards Gender-Based Market Segmentation: The Differential Influence of Gender on Dining Experiences in the University Cafeteria Industry," Management and Economics Review, Faculty of Management, Academy of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania, vol. 7(2), pages 182-200, June.
    14. Wei Tong Chen & Hew Cameron Merrett & Ying-Hua Huang & Theresia Avila Bria & Ying-Hsiu Lin, 2021. "Exploring the Relationship between Safety Climate and Worker Safety Behavior on Building Construction Sites in Taiwan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-21, March.
    15. Akhter Ali & N. Ravichandran & D.K. Batra, 2013. "Children’s Choice of Influence Strategies in Family Purchase Decisions and the Impact of Demographics," Vision, , vol. 17(1), pages 27-40, March.
    16. Yoo, Sun-Young & Vonk, M. Elizabeth, 2012. "The development and initial validation of the Immigrant Parental Stress Inventory (IPSI) in a sample of Korean immigrant parents," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 34(5), pages 989-998.
    17. Jayaram, Jayanth & Tan, Keah-Choon, 2010. "Supply chain integration with third-party logistics providers," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 125(2), pages 262-271, June.
    18. M. Todd Royle & Gavin Fox & Wayne A. Hochwarter, 2009. "The Relationships Between Select Situational And Dispositional Constructs And Informal Accountability For Others," International Journal of Management and Marketing Research, The Institute for Business and Finance Research, vol. 2(1), pages 113-133.
    19. Anna Jasinenko & Josephina Steuber, 2023. "Perceived Organizational Purpose: Systematic Literature Review, Construct Definition, Measurement and Potential Employee Outcomes," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 60(6), pages 1415-1447, September.
    20. Simplice A. Asongu & Joseph Nnanna, 2020. "Governance and the Capital Flight Trap in Africa," Working Papers of the African Governance and Development Institute. 20/024, African Governance and Development Institute..

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:spr:nathaz:v:121:y:2025:i:3:d:10.1007_s11069-024-06902-9. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.springer.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.