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Extreme weather risks for tourism in the European Union

Author

Listed:
  • José F. León-Cruz

    (National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM))

  • Christoph Neger

    (National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM))

  • Stefan Gössling

    (Linnaeus University
    Western Norway Research Institute)

Abstract

With mounting evidence of extreme weather events, it is increasingly important to understand the risks that thunderstorms, extreme precipitation, and wildfires pose to tourism. This study investigates the past occurrence of these phenomena in Europe, analyses recent trends, and evaluates them in relation to the dependency on tourism. The Tourism Exposure Index is developed to assess these risks, comprising two sub-indices: the Hazard Index and the Tourism Dependency Index. Results reveal a spatial concentration of regions with high/very-high tourism exposure, particularly in southern Europe and around the Mediterranean Sea. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the spatial distribution of weather extremes with highly disruptive potential. It is concluded that at-risk regions should develop weather hazard adaptation plans for tourism.

Suggested Citation

  • José F. León-Cruz & Christoph Neger & Stefan Gössling, 2025. "Extreme weather risks for tourism in the European Union," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 121(15), pages 18275-18294, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:nathaz:v:121:y:2025:i:15:d:10.1007_s11069-025-07516-5
    DOI: 10.1007/s11069-025-07516-5
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    References listed on IDEAS

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