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Predicting news deserts using supervised machine learning

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  • Arijit Paladhi

    (Indiana University)

Abstract

The decline of local newspapers has led to the emergence of news deserts—areas lacking access to critical local information—posing a threat to community engagement and democracy. This study aims to predict which U.S. counties are most at risk of becoming news deserts by developing machine learning models based on socioeconomic, geographic, and circulation data. Addressing class imbalance and data noise, we employed classifiers such as Logistic Regression, Random Forest, XGBoost, Support Vector Machines, K-Nearest Neighbors, and Naive Bayes, combined with resampling techniques like SMOTE, Tomek Links, SMOTETomek, SMOTEENN, and ADASYN. Our analysis found that XGBoost combined with ADASYN performed best, achieving an F2-Score of 0.486 and AUC-PR of 0.467 on test data. These results provide valuable insights for policymakers aiming to develop targeted interventions to preserve local media ecosystems and strengthen democratic processes.

Suggested Citation

  • Arijit Paladhi, 2025. "Predicting news deserts using supervised machine learning," Journal of Computational Social Science, Springer, vol. 8(2), pages 1-29, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:jcsosc:v:8:y:2025:i:2:d:10.1007_s42001-025-00379-7
    DOI: 10.1007/s42001-025-00379-7
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