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Individual and regional determinants of women’s participation in the European labour market: a Labour Force Survey empirical study

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  • Pietro Giorgio Lovaglio

    (University of Milano-Bicocca)

  • Adalgisa Perrelli

    (University of Milano-Bicocca)

Abstract

In line with the existing literature, the primary focus of the present paper is on understanding the multifaceted factors contributing to unequal employment opportunities for women and the potential implications for both individuals and society. Specifically, the objective is to identify meaningful risk factors that affect the probability of being employed for women in the 20–49 age group, exploring possible demographic, educational, social, and family factors, as well as territorial context factors. The analysis is conducted on the three most populous European countries (Italy, France, and Germany) as representatives of different welfare regimes. The analysis exploits the rich information available in the micro-data of the Labour Force Survey (2021) as well as Eurostat regional statistics considering individuals nested in regions (NUTS 2). A deep analysis of empirical findings sheds light on employment determinants and motivations for not working, which appear to be essentially related to family and demographic factors. These results reveal the country-specific profiles that indicate greater risk of non-employment and also provide a basis for suggesting different policy implications.

Suggested Citation

  • Pietro Giorgio Lovaglio & Adalgisa Perrelli, 2024. "Individual and regional determinants of women’s participation in the European labour market: a Labour Force Survey empirical study," International Review of Economics, Springer;Happiness Economics and Interpersonal Relations (HEIRS), vol. 71(4), pages 785-812, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:inrvec:v:71:y:2024:i:4:d:10.1007_s12232-024-00465-8
    DOI: 10.1007/s12232-024-00465-8
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Fabrizio Colonna & Stefania Marcassa, 2015. "Taxation and female labor supply in Italy," IZA Journal of Labor Policy, Springer;Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 4(1), pages 1-29, December.
    2. Alessandra Casarico & Salvatore Lattanzio, 2023. "Behind the child penalty: understanding what contributes to the labour market costs of motherhood," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 36(3), pages 1489-1511, July.
    3. Linda Babcock & Maria P. Recalde & Lise Vesterlund & Laurie Weingart, 2017. "Gender Differences in Accepting and Receiving Requests for Tasks with Low Promotability," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 107(3), pages 714-747, March.
    4. Heckman, James, 2013. "Sample selection bias as a specification error," Applied Econometrics, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), vol. 31(3), pages 129-137.
    5. Kristie M. Engemann & Michael T. Owyang, 2006. "Social changes lead married women into labor force," The Regional Economist, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, issue Apr, pages 10-11.
    6. Marianne Bertrand, 2020. "Gender in the Twenty-First Century," AEA Papers and Proceedings, American Economic Association, vol. 110, pages 1-24, May.
    7. Brzinsky-Fay, Christian, 2022. "NEET in Germany: Labour Market Entry Patterns and Gender Differences," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, pages 56-86.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Labour Force Survey; Employment; Regional factors; NUTS; Multilevel modelling;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F66 - International Economics - - Economic Impacts of Globalization - - - Labor
    • J21 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
    • J71 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Labor Discrimination - - - Hiring and Firing

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