Content
2024
- 97814 Labor Market Conditions Have Eased, but Why? A State-Level View
by Charles S. Gascon & Joseph Martorana - 97949 Local Governments in the U.S.: A Breakdown by Number and Type
by Amy Smaldone & Mark L. J. Wright - 98105 Inflation Uncertainty among Eighth District Households
by Yu-Ting Chiang & Mick Dueholm
2023
- 95497 Eighth District Farmers Navigate Global Supply Uncertainty
by Jack Fuller & Nathan Jefferson - 95649 Tightening Monetary Policy and Patterns of Consumption
by Juan M. Sanchez & Olivia Wilkinson - 95788 Pace of GDP Growth, Disinflation Key in U.S. Economic Outlook
by Kevin L. Kliesen - 95789 Is the Era of Overdraft Fees Over?
by Michelle Clark Neely - 95870 The Return on Investing in a College Education
by Guillaume Vandenbroucke - 95922 What Do Financial Conditions Indexes Tell Us?
by James B. Bullard - 96008 A State-Level Look at U.S. Labor Market Supply and Demand
by Jack Fuller & Nathan Jefferson - 96092 Where Do the Wealthiest Get Their Wealth?
by Serdar Ozkan - 96125 Interest Rate Risk, Bank Runs and Silicon Valley Bank
by Christopher J. Neely & Michelle Clark Neely - 96189 Central Bank Balance Sheets and Policy Rate Decisions
by YiLi Chien & Ashley Stewart - 96233 Examining Long and Variable Lags in Monetary Policy
by Bill Dupor - 96303 Is Monetary Policy Sufficiently Restrictive?
by James B. Bullard - 96445 Stubborn Inflation, Economic Resilience Major Themes in U.S. Outlook
by Kevin L. Kliesen - 96446 Who’s Driving a Recent Decline in Life Expectancy?
by Iris Arbogast & B. Ravikumar - 96447 Systemic Financial Risks, Macroprudential Tools and Monetary Policy
by Jason Dunn & Christopher J. Neely - 96501 Labor Market Opportunities for Black Men: How Good Is the News?
by William M. Rodgers - 96550 Understanding Patterns in U.S. Regional Economic Growth
by Charles S. Gascon & Thomas Walstrum - 96738 Deja Vu? The Recent Rise in Credit Card Debt Delinquencies
by Juan M. Sanchez & Olivia Wilkinson - 96739 Lower Inflation, GDP Growth Positive Signs for U.S. Economy
by Kevin L. Kliesen - 96740 FedNow: A Once-in-a-Generation Payments Innovation for the Fed
by Kathleen O'Neill Paese - 97192 Small Banks, Big Impact: Community Banks and Their Role in Small Business Lending
by Eldar Beiseitov - 97364 Labor Market Tightness after the COVID-19 Recession: Differences across Industries
by Serdar Birinci & Trần Khánh Ngân - 97365 Understanding the Eighth District’s Housing Market
by Nathan Jefferson - 97366 Despite a Tight Labor Market, Job Opportunities Lag for Eighth District Out-of-School Young Adults
by Nishesh Chalise & Alice Kassens & William M. Rodgers - 97412 Slower GDP Growth and Falling Inflation in U.S. Economic Outlook for 2024
by Kevin L. Kliesen - 97413 A Commitment to Achieving Price Stability
by Kathleen O'Neill Paese
2022
- 93635 What Can Be Done to Promote Black Entrepreneurship?
by Barton Hamilton & Andrés Hincapié & Maggie Isaacson & Prasanthi Ramakrishnan & Siddhartha Sanghi - 93636 Pandemic, Rising Costs Challenge Child Care Industry
by Charles S. Gascon & Devin Werner - 93687 Why Are Workers Staying Out of the U.S. Labor Force?
by Victoria Gregory & Joel Steinberg - 93764 How Recent Recessions Have Affected Dual-Earner Couples
by Aaron Amburgey & Serdar Birinci - 93804 Inflation Remains Key Threat despite Strong U.S. Economic Outlook
by Kevin L. Kliesen - 93842 COVID-19 Death Gap by County Income Widened after Vaccine Availability
by Juan M. Sanchez & Olivia Wilkinson - 93881 Why Price Controls Should Stay in the History Books
by Christopher J. Neely - 93882 Why Removing Monetary Policy Accommodation Is Necessary
by James B. Bullard - 94090 Measuring the Fed’s Monetary Policy Stance during COVID-19
by William R. Emmons - 94091 Demographics, COVID-19 Leave Construction with Tight Labor Supply
by Elisabeth Harding & Nathan Jefferson & Devin Werner - 94234 Immigrant Employment Patterns during the Pandemic
by Subhayu Bandyopadhyay & Praew Grittayaphong - 94318 GDP Decline, Inflation Heighten Uncertainty in U.S. Economic Outlook
by Kevin L. Kliesen - 94319 On-Time Mortgage Payments Recover, Even in Financially Distressed Areas
by Juan M. Sanchez & Olivia Wilkinson - 94376 Mortality Reductions: Fast for Poorer Nations, Slow for Richer Nations
by Guillaume Vandenbroucke - 94400 Getting Ahead of U.S. Inflation: A Lesson from 1974 and 1983
by James B. Bullard - 94520 Was the Paycheck Protection Program Effective?
by Drew Dahl & William R. Emmons - 94522 Labor Constraints Remain Greatest Challenge for Resurgent Manufacturing Sector
by Charles S. Gascon - 94647 Employment Effects of Pandemic Emergency Unemployment Benefits: Incentives Matter
by Iris Arbogast & Bill Dupor - 94760 The Impact of Inflation’s Wealth Transfer Effect
by YiLi Chien & Jason Dunn - 94761 GDP Growth, Decelerating Inflation in U.S. Economic Outlook
by Kevin L. Kliesen - 94762 Making Sense of Inflation Measures
by James B. Bullard - 94823 World Population: What Helps Explain the Explosion?
by Iris Arbogast & B. Ravikumar - 94876 How the Russia-Ukraine War Helped Fuel Record Fertilizer Prices
by Suzanne Jenkins - 94971 Income Volatility as a Barrier to Food Stamp Takeup
by Maggie Isaacson & Hannah Rubinton - 95208 International Shipping Costs: Determinants and Outlook
by Jason Dunn & Fernando Leibovici - 95209 Weaker GDP Growth, Inflation Uncertainty Dim U.S. Economic Outlook
by Kevin L. Kliesen - 95252 Reflections on Monetary Policy in 2022
by James B. Bullard - 95280 Variations in Inflation across U.S. Metro Areas
by Jack Fuller & Charles S. Gascon - 95297 How Do Economists Think about the Environment and Climate Change?
by Christopher J. Neely - 95434 Employment Fluctuations and the World Oil Market
by Bill Dupor
February 2021, Volume 29, Issue 1
- 91435 COVID-19 Containment Measures, Health and the Economy
by Matthew Famiglietti & Fernando Leibovici - 91436 Economic Improvements Anticipated in the Months Ahead
by Kevin L. Kliesen - 91437 Black-Owned Banks and the Communities They Serve
by Eldar Beiseitov
April 2021, Volume 29, Issue 1
- 91431 COVID-19 and States' Revenues: An Analysis
by Charles S. Gascon & Jesse LaBelle
January 2021, Volume 29, Issue 1
- 91438 How College Attainment Differs by Birthplace
by Maggie Isaacson & Hannah Rubinton - 91439 A Look Back at Regional Economic Performance before COVID-19
by Charles S. Gascon - 91440 How Branch Closures Affect Access to Banking Services
by Drew Dahl & Michelle Franke & James W. Fuchs
March 2021, Volume 29, Issue 1
- 91432 Is Inflation on the Horizon for the U.S. Economy?
by James B. Bullard - 91433 Women Affected Most by COVID-19 Disruptions in the Labor Market
by Alexander Monge-Naranjo & Qiuhan Sun - 91434 College Freshman Enrollment Drops during Pandemic
by Oksana Leukhina & Devin Werner
2021
- 93206 Central Bank Digital Currencies: Back to the Future
by Amalia Estenssoro - 93207 Business Dynamism in the Eighth District
by Maggie Isaacson & Hannah Rubinton - 93208 State Government Expenditures by Party Affiliation
by Julie Bennett & YiLi Chien - 93209 Economy Improves Quickly but Inflation Increases
by Kevin L. Kliesen - 93210 How to Jump-Start Industrialization in Sub-Saharan Africa
by Iris Arbogast & Yi Wen - 93211 An Assessment of the U.S. Labor Market
by James B. Bullard - 93212 Foreclosure Rate Drops during COVID-19 despite Dip in On-Time Mortgage Payments
by Juan M. Sanchez & Olivia Wilkinson - 93213 Commercial Loans Rise Sharply during COVID-19 Pandemic
by Charles S. Gascon & Praew Grittayaphong & Nathan Jefferson - 93214 Freshwater Scarcity Risk Rises in the U.S. and Eighth District
by Suzanne Jenkins - 93215 How Recent Fiscal Interventions Compare with the New Deal
by Bill Dupor - 93216 Child Poverty Rates in the Eighth District and Beyond
by Maggie Isaacson & Hannah Rubinton - 93217 COVID-19’s Economic Impact around the World
by Juan M. Sanchez - 93218 The Fed’s New Monetary Policy Framework One Year Later
by James B. Bullard - 93219 Higher-Than-Expected Inflation, Delta Variant Could Slow Real GDP Growth
by Kevin L. Kliesen - 93220 How Valuable Are External Auditors to the Banking Industry?
by Drew Dahl - 93221 Leisure and Hospitality Sector’s Recovery Complicated by Delta Variant
by Charles S. Gascon & Nathan Jefferson & Devin Werner - 93222 Which States Are Driving U.S. Employment Growth?
by Bill Dupor - 93333 Labor Force Composition during the COVID-19 Pandemic
by Victoria Gregory & Joel Steinberg - 93378 What Is Driving Unauthorized Immigration to the U.S.?
by Subhayu Bandyopadhyay & Praew Grittayaphong - 93415 Perspectives on U.S. Media Coverage of the COVID-19 Pandemic
by Guillaume Vandenbroucke - 93416 A Risk Management Approach to Monetary Policy
by James B. Bullard - 93592 Inflation Remains Wild Card in U.S. GDP Outlook for 2022
by Kevin L. Kliesen - 93593 The Fintech Revolution in Banking
by Michelle Clark Neely
December 2020, Volume 28, Issue 4
- 89498 Should Social Distancing Be Mandatory during a Pandemic?
by Guillaume Vandenbroucke - 89507 Educational Attainment of Immigrants at the National and Eighth District Levels
by Subhayu Bandyopadhyay & Praew Grittayaphong - 89509 Does the National Debt Matter?
by David Andolfatto - 89510 Improving Conditions Could Bode Well for Economic Recovery
by Kevin L. Kliesen
October 2020, Volume 28, Issue 4
- 89514 How COVID-19 Has Affected the Municipal Bond Market
by Juan M. Sanchez & Olivia Wilkinson - 89515 Will Tech Improvements for Trading Services Switch the U.S. into a Net Exporter?
by Alexander Monge-Naranjo & Qiuhan Sun - 89516 The Impact of COVID-19 on the Residential Real Estate Market
by Charles S. Gascon & Jacob Haas
November 2020, Volume 28, Issue 4
- 89512 Anecdotal Evidence Suggests State Capacity Unrelated to COVID-19 Spread
by Iris Arbogast & Brian Reinbold & Yi Wen - 89518 Monetary Policy and Fiscal Policy Responses to the COVID-19 Crisis
by James B. Bullard
July 2020, Volume 28, Issue 3
- 1 The State of the COVID-19 Crisis in the U.S
by James B. Bullard
September 2020, Volume 28, Issue 3
- 88934 Home Production Activity during the COVID-19 Shutdown
by Oksana Leukhina & Zhixiu Yu - 88935 Forecasts Point to Cautious Optimism for Near-term Rebound
by Kevin L. Kliesen
August 2020, Volume 28, Issue 3
- 88936 Using High-Frequency Data to Track the Regional Economy
by Charles S. Gascon & Amelia Schmitz - 88937 Which Jobs Have Been Hit Hardest by COVID-19?
by Maximiliano Dvorkin - 88938 The U.S. Financial Landscape on the Eve of the Pandemic
by Fernando M. Martin
July 2020, Volume 28, Issue 2
- 88422 Hospital Capacity amid the COVID-19 Pandemic
by Asha Bharadwaj & Kathryn Bokun & Charles S. Gascon - 88423 How Many People Does It Take to Start a Company?
by Sungki Hong & Devin Werner - 88424 Economic Uncertainty Means Approaching GDP Forecasts with Caution
by Kevin L. Kliesen
May 2020, Volume 28, Issue 2
- 88426 Assessing Second-Quarter Unemployment amid the Pandemic
by James B. Bullard
June 2020, Volume 28, Issue 2
- 88425 Poor Countries Catching Rich Countries in Education, but Not Income
by Makenzie Peake & Guillaume Vandenbroucke
May 2020, Volume 28, Issue 1
- 88304 How Cyber Deposits Affect Perceived Competition in Banking Markets
by Andrew P. Meyer - 88305 As More States Legalize Marijuana, Economics Comes into Play
by Charles S. Gascon - 88306 The Changing Relationship between Trade and America’s Gold Reserves
by Brian Reinbold & Yi Wen
February 2020, Volume 28, Issue 1
- 88310 Forecasters Eye Uncertainties When Sizing Up U.S. Economic Outlook
by Kevin L. Kliesen
March 2020, Volume 28, Issue 1
- 87680 The Efficacy of Enhanced Unemployment Benefits during a Pandemic
by Bill Dupor - 88307 Expected U.S. Macroeconomic Performance during the Pandemic Adjustment Period
by James B. Bullard - 88308 Trends in Startups’ Share of Jobs in the U.S. and Eighth District
by Sungki Hong & Devin Werner - 88309 Same Target, Different Economies: A Cross-Country Analysis of Inflation
by Julie Bennett & YiLi Chien
November 2019, Volume 27, Issue 4
- 86650 Forecasters See Lower U.S. GDP Growth in 2020 as Headwinds Continue
by Kevin L. Kliesen
2019, Volume 27, Issue 3
- 1 Economic Forecasting: Comparing the Fed with the Private Sector
by Amy Y. Guisinger & Michael T. Owyang & Hannah Shell - 2 Financial Markets Signal Concern about U.S. Economic Growth
by Kevin L. Kliesen - 3 Bullard Discusses the Fed’s Monetary Policy Framework Review
by James B. Bullard - 4 Finance and Development: Evidence from Firm-Level Data
by Matthew Famiglietti & Fernando Leibovici - 5 Moving In, Moving Out: The Migration Pattern of the Eighth District
by Sungki Hong & Hannah Shell - 6 Working from Home: More Americans Are Telecommuting
by Iris Arbogast & Charles S. Gascon & Andrew Spewak - 7 A Decade after the Crisis, Has the Global Debt Burden Stabilized?
by Amalia Estenssoro
2019, Volume 27, Issue 2
- 1 Observing the Earnings Gap through Marital Status, Race and Gender
by Makenzie Peake & Guillaume Vandenbroucke - 2 James Bullard Discusses Nominal GDP Targeting
by James B. Bullard - 3 U.S. GDP Shows Surprising Strength, But Challenges Remain
by Kevin L. Kliesen - 4 Better than Ever? The Wealth of Retired Households
by YiLi Chien & Qiuhan Sun - 5 Industry Mix May Help Explain Urban-Rural Divide in Economic Growth
by Charles S. Gascon & Brian Reinbold - 6 What Is Driving Student Debt in the Eighth District?
by Mahdi Ebsim & Julian Kozlowski - 7 The Rise of Automation: How Robots May Impact the U.S. Labor Market
by Asha Bharadwaj & Maximiliano Dvorkin - 8 Unsecured Personal Loans Get a Boost from Fintech Lenders
by Eldar Beiseitov
2019, Volume 27, Issue 1
- 1 Female-Led Firms: Trends and Differences Relative to Male-Led Firms
by Matthew Famiglietti & Fernando Leibovici - 2 Debt Levels Continue to Grow in Eighth District’s Key Metro Areas
by Ryan Mather & Don E. Schlagenhauf - 3 Headwinds, Tailwinds and Whirlwinds: Forecasting the 2019 Economy
by Kevin L. Kliesen - 4 Changing Trade Relations May Affect U.S. Auto Exports in Long Run
by Brian Reinbold & Yi Wen - 5 Slowing U.S. Housing Sector Still Shaped by Great Recession
by Asha Bharadwaj & Charles S. Gascon - 6 Why Are More Credit Unions Buying Community Banks?
by Andrew P. Meyer - 7 The St. Louis Fed’s Focus on Women in Economics
by James B. Bullard - 8 The Unequal Recovery: Measuring Financial Distress by ZIP Code
by Ryan Mather & Juan M. Sanchez
2018, Volume 26, Issue 4
- 1 How Important Are Production Networks to the U.S. Economy?
by Sungki Hong & Hannah Shell & Qiuhan Sun - 2 President's Message: A Year in Review
by James B. Bullard - 3 Dealing with the Leftovers: Residual Seasonality in GDP
by Michael T. Owyang & Hannah Shell - 4 The Role of Age in Determining Stock-Bond Investment Mix
by Guillaume Vandenbroucke - 5 Unauthorized Immigration in the U.S.: Trends in Recent Years
by Subhayu Bandyopadhyay & Asha Bharadwaj - 6 Bourbon and Whiskey Distillers Face Rosy Tourism, Vexing Tariffs
by Kathryn Bokun & James W. Fuchs & Charles S. Gascon & Suzanne Jenkins - 7 Measuring Levels of Debt in the Eighth District’s Key Metro Areas
by Ryan Mather & Don E. Schlagenhauf - 8 Forecasters See U.S. GDP Growth Easing in 2019 after 2018 Surge
by Kevin L. Kliesen - 9 Perceived Bias and Income Patterns Differ by Race
by Ana Hernández Kent
2018, Volume 26, Issue 3
- 1 The Risk of Yield Curve Inversion—and How to Avoid It
by James B. Bullard - 2 Understanding the Roots of the U.S. Trade Deficit
by Brian Reinbold & Yi Wen - 3 Taking a Closer Look at U.S. Exports to China
by Subhayu Bandyopadhyay & Asha Bharadwaj & Suryadipta Roy - 4 Rising Rates Impact Borrowing Costs for the U.S. Government, Too
by Asha Bharadwaj & Miguel Faria-e-Castro - 5 In the U.S. Hispanic Labor Force, Women Surpass Men in Multiple Ways
by Alexander Monge-Naranjo & Juan I. Vizcaino - 6 Soybeans, the Eighth District’s No. 1 Crop, Caught in Trade Tussle
by Camilla Adams & Jonas C. Crews & Charles S. Gascon - 7 60% of District's Jobs Could Face Automation in the Next 20 Years
by Sungki Hong & Hannah Shell - 8 Forecasters See Solid U.S. GDP Growth during Rest of 2018
by Kevin L. Kliesen - 9 A Tale of Two Economies: Farmers Struggle despite Strong U.S. Economy
by Suzanne Jenkins & Nathan Kauffman
2018, Volume 26, Issue 2
- 1 Reflections on Crisis to Recovery
by James B. Bullard - 2 Hispanics and Their Contribution to America’s Human Capital
by Alexander Monge-Naranjo & Juan I. Vizcaino - 3 Housing Costs and Regional Income Inequality in China and the U.S
by Brian Reinbold & Yi Wen - 4 Unequal Pink Slips? Gender and the Risk of Unemployment
by Guillaume Vandenbroucke & Heting Zhu - 5 Accounting for Age: The Financial Health of Millennials
by YiLi Chien & Paul Morris - 6 St. Louis Fed Steps in to Provide More-Timely Jobs Data
by Charles S. Gascon & Paul Morris - 7 Gauging Debt Levels in the U.S. and Eighth District
by James D. Eubanks & Don E. Schlagenhauf - 8 U.S. Economic Growth Appears Solid This Year
by Kevin L. Kliesen - 9 CEO Succession at Rural Banks
by Drew Dahl & Mike Milchanowski
2018, Volume 26, Issue 1
- 1 Comparing Living Standards across U.S. Metro Areas: Which Ones Fared Well?
by James B. Bullard - 2 Why Is Inflation So Low?
by Hee Sung Kim & Juan M. Sanchez - 3 Measuring Labor Share in Developing Countries
by Brian Reinbold & Paulina Restrepo-Echavarria - 4 Many Americans Still Lack Retirement Savings
by YiLi Chien & Paul Morris - 5 The Relationship between Oil and Equities at the Zero Lower Bound
by Brian Reinbold & Paulina Restrepo-Echavarria - 6 Health Care Remains Important Job Engine in Eighth District
by Charles S. Gascon - 7 Income and Living Standards within the Eighth District
by Brian Reinbold & Yi Wen - 8 U.S. Economy Continues to Strengthen
by Kevin L. Kliesen - 9 Market Concentration and Its Impact on Community Banks
by Andrew P. Meyer
2017, Volume 25, Issue 4
- 1 A Year in Review
by James B. Bullard - 2 Shifting Times: The Evolution of the American Workplace
by Alexander Monge-Naranjo & Juan I. Vizcaino - 3 Boomers Have Played a Role in Changes in Productivity
by Guillaume Vandenbroucke - 4 Trade and Terror: The Impact of Terrorism on Developing Countries
by Subhayu Bandyopadhyay & Javed Younas - 5 Looking for the Positives In Negative Interest Rates
by Brian Reinbold & Yi Wen - 6 Economy Bounces Back from Hurricanes
by Kevin L. Kliesen - 7 Advanced Manufacturing Is Vital across Nation, Including Eighth District
by Charles S. Gascon & Andrew Spewak - 8 First-Time Homebuyers Appear to Be Younger, Less Creditworthy in Eighth District
by Brian Reinbold & Paulina Restrepo-Echavarria - 9 How Fast Will Banks Adopt New Technology This Time?
by Drew Dahl & Andrew P. Meyer & Neil Wiggins
2017, Volume 25, Issue 3
- 1 Does Low Unemployment Signal a Meaningful Rise in Inflation?
by James B. Bullard - 2 Household Participation in Stock Market Varies Widely by State
by YiLi Chien & Paul Morris - 3 Workers Abroad Are Catching Up to U.S. Skill Levels
by Alexander Monge-Naranjo - 4 Quantitative Easing: How Well Does This Tool Work?
by Stephen D. Williamson - 5 Momentum Appears to Have Swung Upward for Economy
by Kevin L. Kliesen - 6 Making Ends Meet on the Federal Budget: Outlook and Challenges
by Fernando M. Martin - 7 Coal's Future Looks Uncertain as Rival Fuels Grow
by Jonas C. Crews & Charles S. Gascon - 8 Startups Create Many Jobs, but They Often Don't Last
by Maximiliano Dvorkin & Charles S. Gascon - 9 Another Way to Compare Banking Conditions in the U.S
by Andrew P. Meyer
2017, Volume 25, Issue 2
- 3-3 A Case for Shrinking the Fed's Balance Sheet
by James B. Bullard