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The healthcare costs of increased body mass index–evidence from The Trøndelag Health Study

Author

Listed:
  • Christina Hansen Edwards

    (Norwegian University of Science and Technology)

  • Johan Håkon Bjørngaard

    (Norwegian University of Science and Technology
    Nord University)

  • Jonas Minet Kinge

    (Norwegian Institute of Public Health
    University of Oslo)

  • Gunnhild Åberge Vie

    (Norwegian University of Science and Technology)

  • Vidar Halsteinli

    (Trondheim University Hospital)

  • Rønnaug Ødegård

    (St. Olavs Hospital
    Norwegian University of Science and Technology)

  • Bård Kulseng

    (St. Olavs Hospital
    Norwegian University of Science and Technology)

  • Gudrun Waaler Bjørnelv

    (Norwegian University of Science and Technology
    University of Oslo)

Abstract

Background Earlier studies have estimated the impact of increased body mass index (BMI) on healthcare costs. Various methods have been used to avoid potential biases and inconsistencies. Each of these methods measure different local effects and have different strengths and weaknesses. Methods In the current study we estimate the impact of increased BMI on healthcare costs using nine common methods from the literature: multivariable regression analyses (ordinary least squares, generalized linear models, and two-part models), and instrumental variable models (using previously measured BMI, offspring BMI, and three different weighted genetic risk scores as instruments for BMI). We stratified by sex, investigated the implications of confounder adjustment, and modelled both linear and non-linear associations. Results There was a positive effect of increased BMI in both males and females in each approach. The cost of elevated BMI was higher in models that, to a greater extent, account for endogenous relations. Conclusion The study provides solid evidence that there is an association between BMI and healthcare costs, and demonstrates the importance of triangulation.

Suggested Citation

  • Christina Hansen Edwards & Johan Håkon Bjørngaard & Jonas Minet Kinge & Gunnhild Åberge Vie & Vidar Halsteinli & Rønnaug Ødegård & Bård Kulseng & Gudrun Waaler Bjørnelv, 2024. "The healthcare costs of increased body mass index–evidence from The Trøndelag Health Study," Health Economics Review, Springer, vol. 14(1), pages 1-11, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:hecrev:v:14:y:2024:i:1:d:10.1186_s13561-024-00512-8
    DOI: 10.1186/s13561-024-00512-8
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. von Hinke, Stephanie & Davey Smith, George & Lawlor, Debbie A. & Propper, Carol & Windmeijer, Frank, 2016. "Genetic markers as instrumental variables," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 131-148.
    2. John Cawley & Euna Han & Edward C. Norton, 2011. "The validity of genes related to neurotransmitters as instrumental variables," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 20(8), pages 884-888, August.
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