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Development of a Qualitative Tool for Sustainability Assessment and Application of the Tool to Benchmark Electronic Smart Labels

Author

Listed:
  • Liisa Hakola

    (VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland)

  • Maria Smolander

    (VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland)

  • Inka Orko

    (VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland)

  • Laura Sokka

    (VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland)

  • Marja Välimäki

    (VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland)

Abstract

This paper presents a sustainability benchmarking tool, the GreenTool, to compare different electronic product concepts, specifically printed ones, with each other from the sustainability perspective. The purpose is to increase awareness of different aspects of sustainability and support the design of more sustainable electronics. This tool is built on European and global sustainability regulations and recommendations, and it considers environmental, economic, and social sustainability aspects in seven different criteria, each with several sub-criteria that are the actual categories used in the comparison. The tool uses scientific and industrial information as input, as well as a technical understanding of the new and baseline concepts to be compared to properly support sustainability benchmarking. In this paper, we further present an example comparison of four smart label product concepts, one of which is the commercial baseline concept, and the other three are developmental concepts. The biggest differences among the product concepts were found in the categories of ‘raw materials’, ‘manufacturing’, and ‘logistics’ criteria, where the developmental concepts based on manufacturing by printing and bio-based materials gave environmental benefits over the baseline. In the other criteria, the differences were smaller, but the developmental concepts also provided slight improvements in sustainability. The GreenTool can be considered suitable for qualitative sustainability comparisons in product concept design.

Suggested Citation

  • Liisa Hakola & Maria Smolander & Inka Orko & Laura Sokka & Marja Välimäki, 2024. "Development of a Qualitative Tool for Sustainability Assessment and Application of the Tool to Benchmark Electronic Smart Labels," Circular Economy and Sustainability, Springer, vol. 4(1), pages 97-122, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:circec:v:4:y:2024:i:1:d:10.1007_s43615-023-00280-3
    DOI: 10.1007/s43615-023-00280-3
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ness, Barry & Urbel-Piirsalu, Evelin & Anderberg, Stefan & Olsson, Lennart, 2007. "Categorising tools for sustainability assessment," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 60(3), pages 498-508, January.
    2. Mohammad Naji Nassajfar & Ivan Deviatkin & Ville Leminen & Mika Horttanainen, 2021. "Alternative Materials for Printed Circuit Board Production: An Environmental Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-13, November.
    3. Ning Zhang & Fangyi Cheng & Junxiang Liu & Liubin Wang & Xinghui Long & Xiaosong Liu & Fujun Li & Jun Chen, 2017. "Rechargeable aqueous zinc-manganese dioxide batteries with high energy and power densities," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 8(1), pages 1-9, December.
    4. Kouhizadeh, Mahtab & Saberi, Sara & Sarkis, Joseph, 2021. "Blockchain technology and the sustainable supply chain: Theoretically exploring adoption barriers," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 231(C).
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