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Uwarunkowania sektora rolno-spożywczego a ceny żywności i napojów bezalkoholowych w krajach Unii Europejskiej

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  • Aneta Błażejowska

Abstract

Ceny żywności w krajach Unii Europejskiej cechują się znacznym zróżnicowaniem, przy czym skala tego zróżnicowania zmieniała się na przestrzeni ostatnich kilkunastu lat. W niniejszym artykule podjęto próbę identyfikacji czynników kształtujących różnice w poziomie cen żywności w poszczególnych krajach Unii. W odróżnieniu od dotychczasowej literatury skoncentrowano się na wszystkich elementach łańcucha żywności: producentach surowca rolnego, przetwórstwie, pośrednictwie oraz odbiorcach finalnych (konsumentach). Jako metodę badawczą zaproponowano dynamiczne modele panelowe. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują, że na różnice w poziomie cen żywności pomiędzy poszczególnymi krajami wpływa zróżnicowanie czynników kształtujących te ceny na każdym etapie produkcji i dystrybucji. W szczególności na etapie produkcji żywności relatywnemu wzrostowi cen w stosunku do innych krajów sprzyja zmniejszanie wielkości ekonomicznej gospodarstw rolnych i zwiększanie ich powierzchni oraz wzrost kosztów produkcji rolnej. Z kolei na wzrost cen żywności na etapie przetwórstwa i dystrybucji oddziałuje wzrost kosztów w przemyśle przetwórczym, spadek wielkości przeciętnego zakładu przemysłu spożywczego oraz wzrost koncentracji w handlu detalicznym, odzwierciedlające siłę przetargową przemysłu przetwórczego i sieci handlowych. Wreszcie na etapie konsumpcji żywności względne różnice w jej cenach są kształtowane głównie przez różnice w zamożności konsumentów.

Suggested Citation

  • Aneta Błażejowska, 2025. "Uwarunkowania sektora rolno-spożywczego a ceny żywności i napojów bezalkoholowych w krajach Unii Europejskiej," Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics, Warsaw School of Economics, issue 2, pages 70-82.
  • Handle: RePEc:sgh:gosnar:y:2025:i:2:p:70-82
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    JEL classification:

    • C23 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Models with Panel Data; Spatio-temporal Models
    • C51 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric Modeling - - - Model Construction and Estimation
    • E31 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Price Level; Inflation; Deflation

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