IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/sgh/gosnar/y2024i1p73-90.html

Nierówności dochodowe w krajach postsocjalistycznych – analiza wybranych determinant

Author

Listed:
  • Monika Anna Wesołowska

Abstract

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie i przeanalizowanie wybranych czynników nierówności dochodowych związanych z rynkiem pracy, sytuacją społeczno-ekonomiczną, systemem podatkowym, globalizacją, wolnością oraz finansjalizacją w krajach postsocjalistycznych z obszaru Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej i Azji Centralnej w latach 1991–2019. W okresie transformacji gospodarczej nierówności dochodowe znacznie wzrosły na początku lat 90. XX w. Początkowy, gwałtowny wzrost współczynnika Giniego był częściowo oczekiwany ze względu na liczne zmiany instytucjonalne, wynikające z odejścia od systemu komunistycznego, ideologicznie utrzymującego nierówności na niskim poziomie, jednak w dłuższej perspektywie pogłębienie się rozwarstwienia dochodowego zależało od wypracowanego przez nowo powstałe instytucje podejścia, czynników zewnętrznych i samych warunków wstępnych transformacji. Jako metody badawcze wykorzystano analizę skupień metodą Warda, regresję przekrojową i panelową, analizę statystyczną oraz drzewo regresyjne z algorytmem CART. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują na występowanie kilku dominujących tendencji rozwojowych nierówności dochodowych na badanym obszarze i powiązanie warunków wstępnych transformacji gospodarczej z dalszym rozwojem współczynnika Giniego. Badanie pozwoliło również wyodrębnić najistotniejsze determinanty oraz przeanalizować zależności ich współwystępowania.

Suggested Citation

  • Monika Anna Wesołowska, 2024. "Nierówności dochodowe w krajach postsocjalistycznych – analiza wybranych determinant," Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics, Warsaw School of Economics, issue 1, pages 73-90.
    • Handle: RePEc:sgh:gosnar:y:2024:i:1:p:73-90
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://gnpje.sgh.waw.pl/pdf-178341-107522
    File Function: Full text
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Peter Diamond & Emmanuel Saez, 2011. "The Case for a Progressive Tax: From Basic Research to Policy Recommendations," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 25(4), pages 165-190, Fall.
    2. Branko Milanovic, 1999. "Explaining the increase in inequality during transition," The Economics of Transition, The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, vol. 7(2), pages 299-341, July.
    3. Michal Brzezinski & Katarzyna Salach, 2022. "Determinants of inequality in transition countries," World of Labour, LISER, pages 496-496, June.
    4. Ms. Beatrice Weder & Mr. Peter Cornelius, 1996. "Economic Transformation and Income Distribution: Some Evidence From the Baltic Countries," IMF Working Papers 1996/014, International Monetary Fund.
    5. Iñaki Erauskin, 2020. "The labor share and income inequality: some empirical evidence for the period 1990-2015," Applied Economic Analysis, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 28(84), pages 173-195, September.
    6. Leo Azzollini & Richard Breen & Brian Nolan, 2023. "Demographic behaviour and earnings inequality across OECD countries," The Journal of Economic Inequality, Springer;Society for the Study of Economic Inequality, vol. 21(2), pages 441-461, June.
    7. Rubens Penha Cysne, 2009. "On the Positive Correlation between Income Inequality and Unemployment," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 91(1), pages 218-226, February.
    8. Atkinson, A. B. & Piketty, Thomas (ed.), 2010. "Top Incomes: A Global Perspective," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780199286898.
    9. Yousef Makhlouf & Christopher Lalley, 2023. "Education Expansion, Income Inequality and Structural Transformation: Evidence From OECD Countries," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 169(1), pages 255-281, September.
    10. Jong-Wha Lee & Hanol Lee, 2018. "Human capital and income inequality," Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 23(4), pages 554-583, October.
    11. Adam Szulc, 2006. "POVERTY IN POLAND DURING THE 1990s: ARE THE RESULTS ROBUST?," Review of Income and Wealth, International Association for Research in Income and Wealth, vol. 52(3), pages 423-448, September.
    12. Michael R.M. Abrigo & Sang-Hyop Lee & Donghyun Park, 2018. "Human Capital Spending, Inequality, and Growth in Middle-Income Asia," Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 54(6), pages 1285-1303, May.
    13. Sala-i-Martin, Xavier, 1994. "Cross-sectional regressions and the empirics of economic growth," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 38(3-4), pages 739-747, April.
    14. Peter K. Cornelius & Beatrice S. Weder, 1996. "Economic Transformation and Income Distribution: Some Evidence from the Baltic Countries," IMF Staff Papers, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 43(3), pages 587-604, September.
    15. Isabelle Joumard & Mauro Pisu & Debra Bloch, 2012. "Tackling income inequality: The role of taxes and transfers," OECD Journal: Economic Studies, OECD Publishing, vol. 2012(1), pages 37-70.
    16. Andrew G. Berg & Jonathan D. Ostry, 2017. "Inequality and Unsustainable Growth: Two Sides of the Same Coin?," IMF Economic Review, Palgrave Macmillan;International Monetary Fund, vol. 65(4), pages 792-815, November.
    17. Mr. David Coady & Allan Dizioli, 2017. "Income Inequality and Education Revisited: Persistence, Endogeneity, and Heterogeneity," IMF Working Papers 2017/126, International Monetary Fund.
    18. Alex Cobham & Lukas Schlögl & Andy Sumner, 2016. "Inequality and the Tails: the Palma Proposition and Ratio," Global Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, vol. 7(1), pages 25-36, February.
    19. Jose Alves, 2019. "The impact of tax structure on investment: an empirical assessment for OECD countries," Public Sector Economics, Institute of Public Finance, vol. 43(3), pages 291-309.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Wesołowska, Monika Anna, . "Nierówności dochodowe w krajach postsocjalistycznych – analiza wybranych determinant," Gospodarka Narodowa-The Polish Journal of Economics, Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie / SGH Warsaw School of Economics, vol. 2024(1).
    2. Hamitande Dout & Ayira Korem & Koffi Sodokin & Mawuli Kodjovi Couchoro & Ayi Gavriel Ayayi, 2025. "Analysing the Effect of Education on Income Dynamics in Togo," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 37(7), pages 1407-1420, October.
    3. Paweł Bukowski & Filip Novokmet, 2021. "Between communism and capitalism: long-term inequality in Poland, 1892–2015," Journal of Economic Growth, Springer, vol. 26(2), pages 187-239, June.
    4. Jamilah Laidin & Noor Zahirah Mohd Sidek, 2025. "The Role of Education in Mitigating Income Inequality: A Conceptual Framework," International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), vol. 9(15), pages 906-916, July.
    5. Almas Heshmati & Jungsuk Kim & Jacob Wood, 2019. "A Survey of Inclusive Growth Policy," Economies, MDPI, vol. 7(3), pages 1-18, July.
    6. Markowska-Przybyła Urszula, 2026. "Income inequalities and attitudes toward them in rural and urban areas in Poland during 1988–2019," International Journal of Management and Economics, Warsaw School of Economics, Collegium of World Economy, vol. 62(1), pages 1-13.
    7. Hayo, Bernd, 2004. "Public support for creating a market economy in Eastern Europe," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 32(4), pages 720-744, December.
    8. Palić Irena & Hodžić Sabina & Dumičić Ksenija, 2019. "Personal Income Taxation Determinants in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina," Business Systems Research, Sciendo, vol. 10(1), pages 153-163, April.
    9. Byambasuren Dorjnyambuu, 2025. "A Systematic Literature Review of Income Inequality in Central–Eastern European Countries," Comparative Economic Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Association for Comparative Economic Studies, vol. 67(1), pages 1-49, March.
    10. Aristei, David & Perugini, Cristiano, 2012. "Inequality and reforms in transition countries," Economic Systems, Elsevier, vol. 36(1), pages 2-10.
    11. Facundo Alvaredo & Anthony Atkinson & Thomas Piketty & Emmanuel Saez, 2013. "The Top 1% in International and Historical Perspective," PSE-Ecole d'économie de Paris (Postprint) halshs-00847231, HAL.
    12. Durongkaveroj, Wannaphong, 2022. "Structural Transformation, Income Inequality and Government Expenditure: Evidence from International Panel Data," Jurnal Ekonomi Malaysia, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, vol. 56(3), pages 29-44.
    13. Gongchang Zhang & Jue Xie & Shamsheer ul Haq & Pomi Shahbaz, 2025. "Global Trends and Local Divides: Investigating the Impact of Economic and Social Dynamics on Income Disparities in the Era of Globalization," SAGE Open, , vol. 15(3), pages 21582440251, September.
    14. repec:ilo:ilowps:485510 is not listed on IDEAS
    15. Daxue Kan & Lianju Lyu & Weichiao Huang & Wenqing Yao, 2022. "The Impact of Urban Education on the Income Gap of Urban Residents: Evidence from Central China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-16, April.
    16. Lim Thye Goh, 2025. "Assessing the impact of human capital development on income inequality in the ASEAN region: an empirical analysis," Eurasian Economic Review, Springer;Eurasia Business and Economics Society, vol. 15(3), pages 813-844, September.
    17. Facundo Alvaredo & Anthony B. Atkinson & Thomas Piketty & Emmanuel Saez, 2013. "The Top 1 Percent in International and Historical Perspective," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 27(3), pages 3-20, Summer.
    18. Barnabe Abba Yadou & Philemon Bonaventure Ntang & Raisa Tchio Tchieutsouah & Valery Abba Abam‐Nde, 2024. "Do remittances align with energy transition in Africa? An approach with the level of income of countries," Natural Resources Forum, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 48(2), pages 549-571, May.
    19. Estévez Schwarz, Diana & Sommer, Eric, 2018. "Smooth income tax schedules: derivation and consequences," EUROMOD Working Papers EM11/18, EUROMOD at the Institute for Social and Economic Research.
    20. Sahu, Anjan Kumar & Mahalik, Mantu Kumar, 2025. "The linkage between income inequality, opportunity and renewable energy demand: Panel evidence from OECD economies," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 243(C).
    21. Rongrong Wei & Zhaopeng Yu & Yuan Mo, 2025. "Higher Education Human Capital Expansion and Common Prosperity: Evidence from China," SAGE Open, , vol. 15(4), pages 21582440251, October.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;

    JEL classification:

    • C10 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - General
    • D33 - Microeconomics - - Distribution - - - Factor Income Distribution
    • D63 - Microeconomics - - Welfare Economics - - - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:sgh:gosnar:y:2024:i:1:p:73-90. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Grzegorz Konat (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/sgwawpl.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.