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Wpływ sytuacji finansowej polskich przedsiębiorstw na inwestycje w kapitał trwały

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  • Natalia Nehrebecka
  • Maria Jarosz

Abstract

Celem artykułu jest zweryfikowanie wpływu kondycji finansowej przedsiębiorstwa na obserwowaną stopę inwestycji. Do oszacowania istotności poszczególnych wskaźników finansowych wykorzystano dane panelowe z zakresu bilansu oraz rachunku zysków i strat dla ponad 58 tys. polskich przedsiębiorstw niefinansowych z lat 1995-2010. Do estymacji wykorzystano systemowy estymator GMM (Uogólnionej Metody Momentów). Zaprezentowany w pracy model zawiera oszacowania efektów indywidualnych, sektorowych oraz czasowych, co można interpretować jako pośrednie uwzględnienie w równaniu inwestycji kosztu kapitału – zmiennej, która na poziomie pojedynczych przedsiębiorstw jest niezwykle trudna do zaobserwowania. Analizę przeprowadzono dla różnych klas przedsiębiorstw wyznaczonych przez wielkość firmy. Na postawie oszacowanych modeli ekonometrycznych potwierdzono hipotezę o istotnym wpływie wskaźników finansowych na stopę inwestycji firm. W największym stopniu do zwiększenia stopy inwestycji przyczynia się poprawa wskaźnika cash flow, a efekt ten jest najsilniejszy w przypadku firm małych. Analizując wpływ cash flow na stopę inwestycji, potwierdzono silną nieliniowość zjawiska dla wszystkich grup przedsiębiorstw. Ponadto presja finansowa odczuwana przez firmę w postaci zadłużenia i kosztów odsetkowych ogranicza poziom inwestycji, co w kontekście transmisji polityki monetarnej może świadczyć o istnieniu kanałów stopy procentowej i bilansowego. Wnioskiem z prowadzonych badań jest również wysokie prawdopodobieństwo występowania akceleratora finansowego. W oszacowanym modelu, inwestycje małych przedsiębiorstw charakteryzowały się znacznie większą wrażliwością na dekoniunkturę niż w przypadku całego sektora. Kondycja finansowa przedsiębiorstw przybliżana za pomocą wskaźników finansowych wyraźnie przekłada się na ich decyzje inwestycyjne, a wrażliwość inwestycji na te wskaźniki jest dodatkowo uzależniona od klasy firmy wyznaczonej przez jej wielkość. Ma to istotne znaczenie dla oceny mechanizmu transmisji polityki monetarnej do sektora MŚP.

Suggested Citation

  • Natalia Nehrebecka & Maria Jarosz, 2012. "Wpływ sytuacji finansowej polskich przedsiębiorstw na inwestycje w kapitał trwały," Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics, Warsaw School of Economics, issue 9, pages 15-38.
  • Handle: RePEc:sgh:gosnar:y:2012:i:9:p:15-38
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    presja finansowa; nakłady brutto na środki trwałe; kanał bilansowy; dane panelowe;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C33 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Models with Panel Data; Spatio-temporal Models
    • E22 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Investment; Capital; Intangible Capital; Capacity
    • G32 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill
    • J23 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Demand

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