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Mapping gentrification and displacement pressure: An exploration of four distinct methodologies

Author

Listed:
  • Benjamin Preis

    (Department of Urban Studies and Planning, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA)

  • Aarthi Janakiraman

    (Department of Urban Studies and Planning, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA)

  • Alex Bob

    (Department of Urban Studies and Planning, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA)

  • Justin Steil

    (Department of Urban Studies and Planning, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA)

Abstract

As housing costs continue to increase across many cities in North America and Europe, local governments face pressure to understand how housing’s rising cost is changing neighbourhoods and to ensure that everyone can access a home they can afford. To confront displacement concerns, cities are adapting models developed within academia to identify neighbourhoods that may be susceptible to gentrification and displacement. We compare four gentrification and displacement risk models developed by and for the US cities of Seattle, Washington; Los Angeles, California; Portland, Oregon; and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and apply all four methodologies to one city, Boston. We identify the geographic areas of agreement and disagreement among the methods. The comparison reveals striking differences between the models, both in inputs and outputs. Of the 18 variables considered among the four models, only two variables appear in all four models. In the resulting maps, the four methods identified between 25 and 119 of the 180 Boston census tracts as at risk of gentrification and displacement, or as currently gentrifying. There are only seven tracts that all four models agreed were either gentrifying or at risk of gentrification and displacement. The findings indicate a need for cities to consider critically the assumptions of the models that are included in urban policy documents, as indicators and thresholds have major impacts on how neighbourhoods in the liminal space of gentrification and displacement are characterised. This novel comparison of United States local government analyses of gentrification provides insight as modelling moves from theory to practice.

Suggested Citation

  • Benjamin Preis & Aarthi Janakiraman & Alex Bob & Justin Steil, 2021. "Mapping gentrification and displacement pressure: An exploration of four distinct methodologies," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 58(2), pages 405-424, February.
  • Handle: RePEc:sae:urbstu:v:58:y:2021:i:2:p:405-424
    DOI: 10.1177/0042098020903011
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Claudia Maria López & R. Varisa Patraporn & Kelliana Lim & Kylee Khan, 2022. "Walking to Build a Critical Community-Engaged Project: Collaborative Observations of Neighborhood Change in Long Beach, California," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-18, April.
    3. Seung-Chul Noh & Jung-Ho Park, 2021. "Café and Restaurant under My Home: Predicting Urban Commercialization through Machine Learning," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-22, May.

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