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An anatomy of gentrification processes: variegating causes of neighbourhood change

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  • Cody Hochstenbach
  • Wouter PC van Gent

Abstract

Several theoretical debates in gentrification literature deal with the role and importance of migration, in situ social mobility, and demographic change in urban social change. These debates focus primarily on structural processes. However, we have comparatively little insight into how and to what degree different mechanisms actually underpin upgrading in urban neighbourhoods. This paper uses Dutch register data to show how residential mobility, social mobility, and demographic change each contribute to gentrification in Amsterdam and Rotterdam. First, our findings show that residential mobility remains key to understanding the growth of higher-income residents in gentrifiying neighbourhoods. At the same time, social mobility and demographic change— notably ageing—are most important in explaining dwindling numbers of lower-income residents. Second, large differences exist across neighbourhoods. By mapping three idealtypical drivers of gentrification, we show how the migration-based ‘displacement model’ occurs predominantly in upgrading neighbourhoods with a high status. Conversely, in low-status upgrading neighbourhoods social mobility is more important in explaining gentrification. These different forms of upgrading occur simultaneously in both cities and should be integrated to advance our understanding of gentrification as a process that is both widespread and occurs in different, ever-changing forms across neighbourhoods.

Suggested Citation

  • Cody Hochstenbach & Wouter PC van Gent, 2015. "An anatomy of gentrification processes: variegating causes of neighbourhood change," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 47(7), pages 1480-1501, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:sae:envira:v:47:y:2015:i:7:p:1480-1501
    DOI: 10.1177/0308518X15595771
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ellen, Ingrid Gould & O'Regan, Katherine M., 2011. "How low income neighborhoods change: Entry, exit, and enhancement," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 41(2), pages 89-97, March.
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    3. Justin Kadi & Richard Ronald, 2014. "Market-based housing reforms and the ‘right to the city’: the variegated experiences of New York, Amsterdam and Tokyo," International Journal of Housing Policy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 14(3), pages 268-292, July.
    4. McKinnish, Terra & Walsh, Randall & Kirk White, T., 2010. "Who gentrifies low-income neighborhoods?," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 67(2), pages 180-193, March.
    5. Tom Slater, 2009. "Missing Marcuse: On gentrification and displacement," City, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 13(2-3), pages 292-311, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. Zwiers, Merle & van Ham, Maarten & Manley, David, 2016. "Trajectories of Neighborhood Change: Spatial Patterns of Increasing Ethnic Diversity," IZA Discussion Papers 10216, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    2. Badland, Hannah & Pearce, Jamie, 2019. "Liveable for whom? Prospects of urban liveability to address health inequities," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 232(C), pages 94-105.
    3. Ying Huang & Scott J. South & Amy Spring, 2017. "Racial Differences in Neighborhood Attainment: The Contributions of Interneighborhood Migration and In Situ Change," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 54(5), pages 1819-1843, October.
    4. Modai-Snir, Tal & van Ham, Maarten, 2018. "Inequality, Reordering and Divergent Growth: Processes of Neighbourhood Change in Dutch Cities," IZA Discussion Papers 11883, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).

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