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What You Can—and Can’t—Do With Three-Wave Panel Data

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  • Stephen Vaisey
  • Andrew Miles

Abstract

The recent change in the general social survey (GSS) to a rotating panel design is a landmark development for social scientists. Sociological methodologists have argued that fixed-effects (FE) models are generally the best starting point for analyzing panel data because they allow analysts to control for unobserved time-constant heterogeneity. We review these treatments and demonstrate the advantages of FE models in the context of the GSS. We also show, however, that FE models have two rarely tested assumptions that can seriously bias parameter estimates when violated. We provide simple tests for these assumptions. We further demonstrate that FE models are extremely sensitive to the correct specification of temporal lags. We provide a simulation and a proof to show that the use of incorrect lags in FE models can lead to coefficients that are the opposite sign of the true parameter values.

Suggested Citation

  • Stephen Vaisey & Andrew Miles, 2017. "What You Can—and Can’t—Do With Three-Wave Panel Data," Sociological Methods & Research, , vol. 46(1), pages 44-67, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:somere:v:46:y:2017:i:1:p:44-67
    DOI: 10.1177/0049124114547769
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jeffrey M Wooldridge, 2010. "Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data," MIT Press Books, The MIT Press, edition 2, volume 1, number 0262232588, December.
    2. A. Colin Cameron & Pravin K. Trivedi, 2010. "Microeconometrics Using Stata, Revised Edition," Stata Press books, StataCorp LP, number musr, March.
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    3. Kamerāde, Daiga & Wang, Senhu & Burchell, Brendan & Balderson, Sarah Ursula & Coutts, Adam, 2019. "A shorter working week for everyone: How much paid work is needed for mental health and well-being?," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 241(C).
    4. Mewes, Jan & Giordano, Giuseppe Nicola, 2017. "Self-rated health, generalized trust, and the Affordable Care Act: A US panel study, 2006–2014," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 190(C), pages 48-56.
    5. Erhart, Raphaela & Mahlendorf, Matthias D. & Reimer, Marko & Schäffer, Utz, 2017. "Theorizing and testing bidirectional effects: The relationship between strategy formation and involvement of controllers," Accounting, Organizations and Society, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 36-52.

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