IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/sae/jocore/v64y2020i1p32-62.html

Civil Society and the Democratic Peace

Author

Listed:
  • HÃ¥vard Hegre
  • Michael Bernhard
  • Jan Teorell

Abstract

We theorize that three distinct structures of democratic constraint explain why more democratic dyads do not engage in military conflict with each other. We build on earlier theories that focused on electoral and horizontal accountability. We add a new dimension—the social accountability provided by an active civil society. Using several new measures from the Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) data set, we stringently test these explanations. We find social accountability to be the strongest and most consistent predictor of nonbelligerence in dyads, that horizontal accountability is still important, but that the independent role of electoral accountability has been somewhat overstated. However, we do find that social and electoral accountability work strongly together, to make for an even greater effect. The finding is robust to a range of specifications and in the face of controls for contending theories that challenge the democratic peace (e.g., the capitalist and territorial peace theories).

Suggested Citation

  • HÃ¥vard Hegre & Michael Bernhard & Jan Teorell, 2020. "Civil Society and the Democratic Peace," Journal of Conflict Resolution, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 64(1), pages 32-62, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:jocore:v:64:y:2020:i:1:p:32-62
    DOI: 10.1177/0022002719850620
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0022002719850620
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1177/0022002719850620?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Schultz, Kenneth A., 1999. "Do Democratic Institutions Constrain or Inform? Contrasting Two Institutional Perspectives on Democracy and War," International Organization, Cambridge University Press, vol. 53(2), pages 233-266, April.
    2. Bennet A. Zelner, 2009. "Using simulation to interpret results from logit, probit, and other nonlinear models," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 30(12), pages 1335-1348, December.
    3. McDonald, Patrick J., 2015. "Great Powers, Hierarchy, and Endogenous Regimes: Rethinking the Domestic Causes of Peace," International Organization, Cambridge University Press, vol. 69(3), pages 557-588, July.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. repec:osf:socarx:45wh7_v1 is not listed on IDEAS
    2. Dmitry Alexandrovich REPNIKOV, 2024. "Defense Expenditures and GDP Growth Rates in the World: Determinants and Interrelationships," Russian Foreign Economic Journal, Russian Foreign Trade Academy Ministry of economic development of the Russian Federation, issue 5, pages 48-58, May.
    3. Rotte, Ralph, 2024. "Neue Reaktortechnologien, strategische Deglobalisierung und "Tech Wars": Kontraproduktive Folgen für das nukleare Nonproliferations- und Verifikationsregime?," SocArXiv 45wh7, Center for Open Science.
    4. Mousseau, Michael & Mousseau, Demet Yalcin, 2023. "The rise of contract-intensive economic structures and democratic development: Are they related?," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 273-285.
    5. Panwang, Yuang & Hu, Pan, 2025. "Lubrication or ignition? The role of asymmetric oil trade in Russia's international conflicts," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
    6. Byung-Deuk Woo & Hoshik Nam, 2024. "Women and Peace Theory and Civil Conflict Intensity," SAGE Open, , vol. 14(2), pages 21582440241, May.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Yong Li & Jing Li & Peng Zhang & Sunhwan Gwon, 2023. "Stronger together: Country‐of‐origin agglomeration and multinational enterprise location choice in an adverse institutional environment," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 44(4), pages 1053-1083, April.
    2. Jana Oehmichen & Sebastian Firk & Michael Wolff & Franz Maybuechen, 2021. "Standing out from the crowd: Dedicated institutional investors and strategy uniqueness," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 42(6), pages 1083-1108, June.
    3. Jason R.V. Franken & Joost M.E. Pennings & Philip Garcia, 2018. "Graphical Illustration of Interaction Effects in Binary Choice Models: A Note," Journal of Agricultural Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 69(3), pages 852-858, September.
    4. Naldi, Lucia & Criaco, Giuseppe & Patel, Pankaj C., 2020. "Related and unrelated industry variety and the internationalization of start-ups," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 49(10).
    5. Katsuzo Yamamoto, 2024. "A new formal model analysis of deterrent to brinkmanship and the causes of the armament dilemma," Journal of Theoretical Politics, , vol. 36(2), pages 132-155, April.
    6. Yue Zhao & Ronaldo Parente & Stav Fainshmidt & Steven Carnovale, 2021. "MNE host-country alliance network position and post-entry establishment mode choice," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 52(7), pages 1350-1364, September.
    7. Birgitte Grøgaard & Asmund Rygh & Gabriel R. G. Benito, 2020. "Correction to: Bringing corporate governance into internalization theory: State ownership and foreign entry strategies," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 51(8), pages 1351-1352, October.
    8. Margaret A. Abernethy & Jan Bouwens & Laurence Van Lent, 2013. "The Role of Performance Measures in the Intertemporal Decisions of Business Unit Managers," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 30(3), pages 925-961, September.
    9. André de Abreu Saraiva Monteiro Alves & Fernando Manuel Pereira de Oliveira Carvalho, 2022. "How Dynamic Managerial Capabilities, Entrepreneurial Orientation, and Operational Capabilities Impact Microenterprises’ Global Performance," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-23, December.
    10. Joe Clare & Vesna Danilovic, 2012. "Reputation for Resolve, Interests, and Conflict," Conflict Management and Peace Science, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 29(1), pages 3-27, February.
    11. Tony W. Tong & Yong Li, 2011. "Real Options and Investment Mode: Evidence from Corporate Venture Capital and Acquisition," Organization Science, INFORMS, vol. 22(3), pages 659-674, June.
    12. Benjamin Barber & Luis Diestre, 2022. "Can firms avoid tough patent examiners through examiner‐shopping? Strategic timing of citations in USPTO patent applications," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 43(9), pages 1854-1871, September.
    13. Lipeng Gary Ge & Cuili Qian & Jiatao Li, 2019. "Mimicry, Knowledge Spillover and Expatriate Assignment Strategy in Overseas Subsidiaries," Management International Review, Springer, vol. 59(6), pages 981-1007, December.
    14. Jo, Wooyong & Nam, Hyoryung & Choi, Jeonghye, 2022. "Opening the OTC drug market: The effect of deregulation on retail pharmacy’s performance," International Journal of Research in Marketing, Elsevier, vol. 39(3), pages 847-866.
    15. D’Angelo, Alfredo & Ganotakis, Panagiotis & Love, James H., 2020. "Learning by exporting under fast, short-term changes: The moderating role of absorptive capacity and foreign collaborative agreements," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 29(3).
    16. Avagyan, Vardan & Camacho, Nuno & Van der Stede, Wim A. & Stremersch, Stefan, 2022. "Financial projections in innovation selection: The role of scenario presentation, expertise, and risk," International Journal of Research in Marketing, Elsevier, vol. 39(3), pages 907-926.
    17. Greene, William H. & Chidlow, Agnieszka & Strange, Roger, 2022. "The use of multinomial choice analysis in international business research," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 31(4).
    18. Markku Maula & Wouter Stam, 2020. "Enhancing Rigor in Quantitative Entrepreneurship Research," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 44(6), pages 1059-1090, November.
    19. Heejung Byun & Joseph Raffiee & Martin Ganco, 2019. "Discontinuities in the Value of Relational Capital: The Effects on Employee Entrepreneurship and Mobility," Organization Science, INFORMS, vol. 30(6), pages 1368-1393, November.
    20. Beverly B. Tyler & Turanay Caner, 2016. "New product introductions below aspirations, slack and R&D alliances: A behavioral perspective," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 37(5), pages 896-910, May.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:sae:jocore:v:64:y:2020:i:1:p:32-62. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: SAGE Publications (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://pss.la.psu.edu/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.