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The Contribution of Suppressed and Induced Traffic in Highway Appraisal, Part 1: Reference States

Author

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  • Huw C W L Williams

    (Department of City and Regional Planning, Cardiff University, Glamorgan Building, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3WA, Wales)

  • Dirk Van Vliet

    (Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, England)

  • Kwang Sik Kim

    (Department of Public Administration, Sung Kyun Kwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea)

Abstract

In this paper and its sequel we investigate the contribution of suppressed and induced traffic to emissions and user benefits derived from new roads and capacity changes under different pricing regimes. Equilibrium transport models are used to appraise selected highway and pricing policies over the period 2000–20. Here we examine the suppression of demand through increasing congestion in two reference states against which capacity changes will be appraised in the second paper. The first state is the consequence of ‘doing nothing’ over the twenty-year period; the second corresponds to the imposition of marginal cost (congestion) pricing on network links. Taking both a network model of Cardiff, and a single representative link (SRL) model, we estimate the effect of suppressed demand on the emission of: carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, particulates, and carbon dioxide. We show both analytically and numerically that, by reducing effective growth and moderating speeds, the suppression of traffic can have significant implications for vehicle emissions in the peak period, the effect varying in proportion to the elapsed time from the base year. At a travel time elasticity of −0.25, congestion pricing is shown to make an important contribution to containing all emissions, reducing carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide peak volumes by a quarter to a third of their unpriced level by the year 2010.

Suggested Citation

  • Huw C W L Williams & Dirk Van Vliet & Kwang Sik Kim, 2001. "The Contribution of Suppressed and Induced Traffic in Highway Appraisal, Part 1: Reference States," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 33(6), pages 1057-1082, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:envira:v:33:y:2001:i:6:p:1057-1082
    DOI: 10.1068/a33204a
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Lee, Shin, 2018. "Transport policies, induced traffic and their influence on vehicle emissions in developed and developing countries," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 121(C), pages 264-274.
    2. Shin S Lee & Huw C W L Williams, 2008. "The Dependence of Vehicle Emission Profiles on Traffic Growth, Technology Gain, and Fleet Turnover: A Comparative Study and Sensitivity Analysis," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 40(2), pages 482-503, February.
    3. David Boyce, 2007. "Forecasting Travel on Congested Urban Transportation Networks: Review and Prospects for Network Equilibrium Models," Networks and Spatial Economics, Springer, vol. 7(2), pages 99-128, June.

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