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A Note on the Efficiency and Effectiveness of Outsider Assistance Programs in Rural versus Non-Rural States

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  • James J. Chrisman
  • Elizabeth Gatewood
  • Leo B. Donlevy

Abstract

Although numerous countries have developed policies and programs to encourage entrepreneurial behavior in rural areas, there have been few attempts to compare the performance of entrepreneurial development programs in rural versus non rural settings. The existing literature led us to expect that such programs will be more efficient and effective in urban areas. However, in this study, virtually no significant relationships were found between urban and rural states—defined by the proportion of the population living in non-metropolitan counties—on the variables used to measure the performance of an entrepreneurship development program. This suggests that the need for special programs tailored to rural entrepreneurs deserves further, more critical, evaluation.

Suggested Citation

  • James J. Chrisman & Elizabeth Gatewood & Leo B. Donlevy, 2002. "A Note on the Efficiency and Effectiveness of Outsider Assistance Programs in Rural versus Non-Rural States," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 26(3), pages 67-80, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:entthe:v:26:y:2002:i:3:p:67-80
    DOI: 10.1177/104225870202600304
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    2. Marshall, Maria I. & Samal, Ananya, 2006. "The Effect of Human and Financial Capital on the Entrepreneurial Process: An Urban-Rural Comparison of Entrepreneurs in Indiana," 2006 Annual meeting, July 23-26, Long Beach, CA 21155, American Agricultural Economics Association (New Name 2008: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association).
    3. James J. Chrisman & Jess H. Chua & Lloyd P. Steier, 2002. "The Influence of National Culture and Family Involvement on Entrepreneurial Perceptions and Performance at the State Level," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 26(4), pages 113-130, July.
    4. José Amorós & Christian Felzensztein & Eli Gimmon, 2013. "Entrepreneurial opportunities in peripheral versus core regions in Chile," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 40(1), pages 119-139, January.
    5. Kimberly A. Eddleston & Franz W. Kellermanns & Steven W. Floyd & Victoria L. Crittenden & William F. Crittenden, 2013. "Planning for Growth: Life Stage Differences in Family Firms," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 37(5), pages 1177-1202, September.
    6. Fairchild, Gregory B., 2008. "Residential segregation influences on the likelihood of black and white self-employment," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 23(1), pages 46-74, January.
    7. Fairchild, Gregory B., 2010. "Intergenerational ethnic enclave influences on the likelihood of being self-employed," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 25(3), pages 290-304, May.
    8. Erick P.C. Chang & James J. Chrisman & Jess H. Chua & Franz W. Kellermanns, 2008. "Regional Economy as a Determinant of the Prevalence of Family Firms in the United States: A Preliminary Report," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 32(3), pages 559-573, May.
    9. Franz W. Kellermanns & Kimberly A. Eddleston, 2006. "Corporate Entrepreneurship in Family Firms: A Family Perspective," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 30(6), pages 809-830, November.
    10. Xuequn Wang & Leonard M. Jessup, 2014. "A Review and Synthesis of Entrepreneurship Research: Towards an Integrative Model of Dependent Variables," Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Emerging Economies, Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India, vol. 23(2), pages 163-199, September.
    11. Lovgren Adam & Ross R. Brent & Peterson H. Christopher & Leschewski Andrea, 2020. "Do Entrepreneurial Assistance Programs Create Value for Agri-Food Entrepreneurs?," Entrepreneurship Research Journal, De Gruyter, vol. 10(1), pages 1-14, January.
    12. J. Kirk Ring & Ana Maria Peredo & James J. Chrisman, 2010. "Business Networks and Economic Development in Rural Communities in the United States," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 34(1), pages 171-195, January.
    13. Roland Kidwell & Franz Kellermanns & Kimberly Eddleston, 2012. "Harmony, Justice, Confusion, and Conflict in Family Firms: Implications for Ethical Climate and the “Fredo Effect”," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 106(4), pages 503-517, April.

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