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Une estimation de la cible implicite d’inflation dans la zone euro

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  • Jean-Guillaume Sahuc
  • Julien Matheron
  • Patrick Fève

Abstract

[eng] Estimation of the Implicit Inflation Target in the Euro Area. . Euro area countries as a whole have experienced a marked downward trend over the 1980s. Over this period, the unemployment rate has increased and economic activity has been sluggish. Changes in the implicit inflation target, viewed as low frequency movements of inflation, might possibly explain these developments. To highlight this issue, the present study estimates the dynamics of the implicit inflation target in the euro zone over the period 1970-2004. Based on a small macroeconometric model, the implicit target, not known by the econometrician, is identified through a minimal set of theoretical restrictions : (i) the inflation target is a non stationary process, (ii) inflation is a monetary phenomenon in the long-run, and (iii) changes in the implicit target have no long-run effects whatsoever on real variables. The model is estimated so as to match output growth, changes in inflation and the ex post real interest rate. Our main results are : (i) inflation target shocks account for the bulk of nominal fluctuations ; (ii) due to monetary policy inertia and nominal stickiness, changes in the target generate large swings in the real interest rate translating into substantial short-run effects on real variables ; (ii) in spite of this inflation target shocks moderately impact on output dynamics. [fre] Le taux d'inflation dans l’ensemble des pays qui constituent la zone euro a fortement diminué au cours des années 1980. Durant cette période, le taux de chômage a significativement augmenté et l'activité économique a notablement ralenti dans la zone. Les variations de la cible implicite d’inflation des banques centrales, assimilées aux mouvements de basse fréquence de l’inflation, sont potentiellement un facteur d’explication de ces évolutions. Afin d’éclairer cette question, cette étude propose d’estimer les évolutions dynamiques de la cible implicite d’inflation dans la zone euro au cours de la période 1970(1)-2004(4) à l’aide d’une petite maquette macroéconométrique. Cette cible implicite d’inflation, inobservée de l’économiste, est identifiée à l’aide d’un ensemble minimal de restrictions théoriques : (i) la cible implicite d’inflation suit un processus non stationnaire (ii) l’inflation est un phénomène exclusivement monétaire à long terme et (iii) les variations de la cible implicite d’inflation n’ont pas d’effet réel à long terme. Le modèle est estimé de façon à reproduire le taux de croissance du PIB, la variation de l’inflation et le taux d’intérêt réel ex post. Les résultats principaux qui se dégagent de l’analyse empirique sont les suivants : (i) les chocs sur la cible implicite d’inflation expliquent l’essentiel des fluctuations des variables nominales, même à court terme ; (ii) leurs effets réels à court terme transitent par l’inertie du taux d’intérêt nominal et la forte hausse du taux d’intérêt réel qui en découle ; (iii) en dépit de cela, ces chocs n’affectent que modestement la dynamique du PIB.

Suggested Citation

  • Jean-Guillaume Sahuc & Julien Matheron & Patrick Fève, 2009. "Une estimation de la cible implicite d’inflation dans la zone euro," Revue Française d'Économie, Programme National Persée, vol. 24(2), pages 39-56.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:rfreco:rfeco_0769-0479_2009_num_24_2_1728
    DOI: 10.3406/rfeco.2009.1728
    Note: DOI:10.3406/rfeco.2009.1728
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    1. Jean-Guillaume Sahuc & Julien Matheron & Patrick Fève, 2009. "Une estimation de la cible implicite d’inflation dans la zone euro," Revue Française d'Économie, Programme National Persée, vol. 24(2), pages 39-56.

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • E31 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Price Level; Inflation; Deflation
    • E32 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Business Fluctuations; Cycles
    • E52 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Monetary Policy

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