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Mythes et réalités de la « zone dollar »

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  • Virginie Coudert

Abstract

[eng] Facts and Fantasies about the « Dollar Area » . The « dollar area » can be defined as the set of countries that peg their currencies to the US dollar. In broad terms, it covers many countries that try to stabilize their exchange rate de facto against the US dollar, from Asia to South America and Middle East. Therefore, the international monetary system still relies heavily on the US dollar, like in the Bretton Woods period. A key difference is its great flexibility, as exchange rate regimes are decided at the country level and regularly adapted to market pressures and dollar fluctuations. However, one nagging similarity with Bretton Woods is still at work. The « dollar area » pushes central banks to intervene on the forex market and to hold their reserves in dollar, which helps financing the US' current account deficit and fosters its indebtedness. . Classification JEL : E42, F31, F33 [fre] La « zone dollar », peut se définir comme l'ensemble des pays dont les monnaies sont accrochées au dollar ; au sens large, elle recouvre un très grand nombre de pays émergents, en Asie, en Amérique Latine, au Moyen-Orient, qui cherchent à stabiliser leur taux de change de facto contre dollar. Le système monétaire international repose donc encore largement sur le billet vert, comme le système antérieur de Bretton Woods. Une différence majeure est sa plus grande souplesse, puisque les régimes de change adoptés par chaque pays sont décidés au niveau des États et évoluent régulièrement selon les fluctuations du dollar et les pressions des marchés. Pourtant, une similarité regrettable avec Bretton Woods demeure, la «zone dollar » conduit les banques centrales à intervenir sur le marché des changes et à placer leurs réserves en dollars, ce qui facilite le financement du déficit américain et pousse les États-Unis à l'endettement. . Classification JEL : E42, F31, F33

Suggested Citation

  • Virginie Coudert, 2009. "Mythes et réalités de la « zone dollar »," Revue d'Économie Financière, Programme National Persée, vol. 94(1), pages 151-169.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recofi:ecofi_0987-3368_2009_num_94_1_5297
    DOI: 10.3406/ecofi.2009.5297
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecofi.2009.5297
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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • E42 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Monetary Sytsems; Standards; Regimes; Government and the Monetary System
    • F31 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - Foreign Exchange
    • F33 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - International Monetary Arrangements and Institutions
    • E42 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Monetary Sytsems; Standards; Regimes; Government and the Monetary System
    • F31 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - Foreign Exchange
    • F33 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - International Monetary Arrangements and Institutions

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