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La bourse de Paris au XIXe siècle : l’exemple d’un marché émergent devenu efficient

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  • Pedro Arbulu

Abstract

[fre] Un marché boursier organisé doit remplir principalement deux fonctions : collecter des fonds pour l’allocation optimale des ressources et transférer le risque financier des intervenants. L’objet de cet article est de montrer que la Bourse de Paris a rempli ces fonctions avec succès durant le XIXe siècle. Pour y répondre, il a été créé une base de données exhaustive des émissions et des cours des actions françaises de 1802 à 1918. Il s’agit d’examiner les conditions politiques, économiques et les pratiques financières nécessaires à la naissance et au développement du marché parisien. L’étude de la performance à long terme des actions françaises permet d’établir des repères concernant la volatilité, le niveau de la rentabilité des actions et les facteurs l’influençant. À l’aide d’outils statistiques et économétriques, il est montré le caractère de « marché émergent » de la Place de Paris durant la première moitié du XIXe siècle. Au cours de la seconde moitié de ce siècle, la Bourse de Paris acquiert les caractéristiques d’un marché financier moderne et efficient, vérifiant avec un siècle d’avance que la rentabilité reçue est fonction du risque encouru, et que les cours des actions suivent une marche au hasard. [eng] The Paris Stock Exchange in the 19th century : the example of an emerging equity market become efficient. A well-organised Stock Exchange must carry out two major functions, to collect funds in order to allocate resources optimally, and to re-allocate financial risk. The purpose of this paper is to show that in the 19th century the Paris Stock Exchange satisfied these requirements of a modern financial market. This conclusion is reached with the help of a comprehensive database of French share issues and share prices in the period 1802-1918. We examine the political and economic conditions, and the financial practices, which were necessary for the birth and growth of the Parisian market. The study of the long-term performance of French shares enables us to calculate benchmark measures of volatility, the yield rate of shares and the factors influencing them. Using statistical and econometric tools, we show that the Paris Stock Exchange in the first half of the 19th century had all the characteristics of what we now call an « emerging equity market ». In the second half of the 19th century, the Paris Stock Exchange develops the characteristics of a modern and efficient market, demonstrating a century in advance that the yield gained depends on the risk taken and that the share price follows a random walk process.

Suggested Citation

  • Pedro Arbulu, 1998. "La bourse de Paris au XIXe siècle : l’exemple d’un marché émergent devenu efficient," Revue d'Économie Financière, Programme National Persée, vol. 49(5), pages 213-249.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recofi:ecofi_0987-3368_1998_num_49_5_3734
    DOI: 10.3406/ecofi.1998.3734
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecofi.1998.3734
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    1. Goetzmann, William N. & Jorion, Philippe, 1999. "Re-Emerging Markets," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 34(1), pages 1-32, March.
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    1. Jovanovic, Franck & Schinckus, Christophe, 2017. "Econophysics and Financial Economics: An Emerging Dialogue," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780190205034, Decembrie.

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