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Les trajectoires salariales des individus payés au voisinage du Smic dans le secteur privé. Une analyse empirique sur données françaises entre 1995 et 2007

Author

Listed:
  • Sévane Ananian
  • Oana Calavrezo

Abstract

Les épisodes de rémunération au Smic constituent-ils des épisodes transitoires avant une évolution vers des salaires supérieurs ou indiquent-ils, au contraire, des trajectoires salariales durablement précaires ? Afin d'apporter des éléments de réponse à cette interrogation, les personnes rémunérées au voisinage du Smic horaire entre 1995 et 2003 sont suivies sur une période de cinq ans. Il a été nécessaire d'élaborer une méthode permettant de repérer ces personnes sans ambiguïté, dans la mesure où plusieurs niveaux de salaires horaires minimums ont coexisté lors de la mise en œuvre de la politique de réduction du temps de travail au cours de la première moitié des années 2000. Elles ont ensuite été réparties entre six grandes catégories de parcours salariaux. Les profils de salariés recouverts par chacune de ces catégories s'avèrent remarquablement individualisés. Les salariés qui évoluent vers un salaire horaire supérieur forment la catégorie la plus nombreuse. Ces personnes ont le plus souvent une certaine ancienneté dans l'entreprise ou sur le marché du travail. À l'opposé, les trajectoires les moins fréquentes concernent les salariés qui restent au voisinage du Smic durant les cinq ans étudiés. Ce sont souvent des femmes, des ouvriers ou des employés ou des personnes qui ont une plus grande ancienneté sur le marché du travail. Entre ces deux types de parcours, certains individus ont des trajectoires plus heurtées ou sortent du champ d'analyse. Les salariés qui effectuent des allers-retours entre voisinage du Smic horaire et sortie du champ, le cas échéant en ayant connu des transitions vers des salaires supérieurs, sont fréquemment des jeunes avec moins d'expérience dans l'emploi ou sur le marché du travail. Les salariés qui sortent du champ sans avoir perçu une rémunération supérieure sont souvent plus âgés. Il s'agit alors vraisemblablement de départs en retraite en fin de carrière.
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Suggested Citation

  • Sévane Ananian & Oana Calavrezo, 2011. "Les trajectoires salariales des individus payés au voisinage du Smic dans le secteur privé. Une analyse empirique sur données françaises entre 1995 et 2007," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 448(1), pages 49-78.
    • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_2011_num_448_1_9748
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.2011.9748
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.2011.9748
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    5. Romain Aeberhardt & David Sraer, 2009. "Allégements de cotisations patronales et dynamique salariale," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 429(1), pages 177-189.
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