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Effets d'hystérésis sur le commerce extérieur américain

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  • Philippe Ducos
  • François Lecointe

Abstract

[eng] Hysteresis effects on US external trade, . by Philippe Ducos, François Lecointe.. . In spite of a declining dollar and a return to its 1980 parity in 1987, the US trade deficit has not been eliminated yet. This paper surveys recent trade models which explain hysteresis effects on external trade and presents empirical evidence. It is shown that the use of disaggregated data is crucial to validate the models. It seems that the dollar appreciation has changed the market structure of both the consumer durable goods sector and the capital goods sector. The corresponding theoretical models would be the sunk cost model and demand dynamics model respectively. [fre] Effets d'hystérésis sur le commerce extérieur américain, . par Philippe Ducos, François Lecointe.. . Partant du constat que le déficit extérieur américain ne s'est toujours pas résorbé après le retour du dollar, début 1987, à sa parité du début des années quatre-vingt, cet article propose une revue des modèles récents de commerce extérieur qui permettent d'expljquer la rémanence des effets de la forte appréciation de la devise américaine. Des tests économétriques permettent ensuite de valider ces modèles d'hystérésis. On montre toutefois qu'il est nécessaire de se placer à un niveau de désagrégation des produits suffisamment fin ; il apparaît que l'appréciation du dollar des années 1981/1985 continue d'avoir des conséquences dommageables dans deux secteurs : celui des biens de consommation durables et celui des biens d'équipement, les deux grands types de modèles théoriques (coût d'entrée, dynamique de la demande) étant envisageables. [ger] Hystereseauswirkungen auf den amerikanischen Aussenhandel, . von Philippe Ducos, François Lecointe.. . Dieser Artikel geht von der Feststellung aus, dass das amerikanische Aussenhandelsdefizit noch immer nicht ausgegli.chen ist, nachdem Anfang 1987 der Dollar zur Parität zurückgekehrt war, die zu Beginn der achtziger Jahre galt, und schlägt einen Überblick über die letzten Modelle des Aussenhandels vor, die die Remanenz der Auswirkungen zu erklären vermögen, die sich aus der Höherbewertung der amerikanischen Devise ergeben haben. Durch ökonometrische Tests können dièse Hysterese-Modelle sodann bestätigt werden. Gleichwohl wird gezeigt, dass die Desaggregationsebene der Produkte mit höchstmöglicher Genauigkert bestimmt werden muss ; es ist offensichtlich, dass die Höherbewertung des Dollars während der Jahre 1981/85 weiterhin nachteilige Folgen in zwei Sektoren hat : in dem der langlebigen Konsumgüter und in dem der Investitionsgüter. Die beiden wichtigen Kategorien theoretischer Modelle (Einfuhrkosten, Nachfragedynamik) sind in Betracht zu ziehen. [spa] Efectos de histérisis en el comercio exterior norteamericano, . por Philippe Ducos y François Lecointe.. . Teniendo en cuenta que no se ha logrado enjugar el déficit exterior norteamericano, pese a que el dólar recobró a comienzos de 1987 la misma paridad que tenîa a comienzos de los años ochenta, este artículo propone un análisis de los modelos recientes de comercio exterior que permiten explicar la persistence de los efectos de la gran apreciación de la divisa estadounidense. Los tests econométricos permiten validar estos modelos de histéresis. No obstante se demuestra que es necesario situarse en un nivel suficientemente preciso de desagregación de los productos. De esta forma puede observarse que la apreciación del dólar de los años 1981/1985 sigue teniendo consecuencias perjudiciables en dos sectores, el de los bienes de consumo duraderos y el de los bienes de equipo, pudiéndose considerar los dos principales tipos de modelos teóricos (coste de entrada, dinámica de la demanda).

Suggested Citation

  • Philippe Ducos & François Lecointe, 1990. "Effets d'hystérésis sur le commerce extérieur américain," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 94(3), pages 79-93.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecoprv:ecop_0249-4744_1990_num_94_3_5179
    DOI: 10.3406/ecop.1990.5179
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecop.1990.5179
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Rudiger Dornbusch, 1988. "Real Exchange Rates and Macroeconomics: A Selective Survey," NBER Working Papers 2775, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    2. Richard Baldwin, 1989. "Sunk-Cost Hysteresis," NBER Working Papers 2911, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    3. Frankel, Jeffrey A & Froot, Kenneth A, 1987. "Using Survey Data to Test Standard Propositions Regarding Exchange Rate Expectations," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 77(1), pages 133-153, March.
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    8. Jeffrey A. Frankel & Kenneth A. Froot, 1985. "Using Survey Data to Test Some Standard Propositions Regarding Exchange Rate Expectations," NBER Working Papers 1672, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    9. Richard Baldwin, 1988. "Some Empirical Evidence on Hysteresis in Aggregate US Import Prices," NBER Working Papers 2483, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
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    13. Baldwin, Richard, 1988. "Hyteresis in Import Prices: The Beachhead Effect," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 78(4), pages 773-785, September.
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    Cited by:

    1. Philippe Ducos & François Lecointe, 1990. "Le déficit extérieur américain peut-il se résorber ?," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 232(1), pages 81-92.

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