IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/plo/pone00/0207485.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The pathways between female garment workers’ experience of violence and development of depressive symptoms

Author

Listed:
  • Kausar Parvin
  • Mahfuz Al Mamun
  • Andrew Gibbs
  • Rachel Jewkes
  • Ruchira Tabassum Naved

Abstract

Background: The prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) is high (54%) in Bangladesh. Moreover, female garment workers report higher rates of IPV and are also vulnerable to workplace violence (WPV). Experience of violence puts women at increased risk of developing depressive symptoms, which are related with low self-esteem, lower life satisfaction and lower productivity. To our knowledge, there has been no previous research on depression among female garment workers and its connections to IPV and WPV in Bangladesh. This paper aims to address this gap by studying the relationship of IPV, WPV and depression among female garment workers. Methods: The data for this paper comes from a cross-sectional survey of female garment workers (n = 800) conducted as baseline survey of a quasi-experimental study known as HERrespect. Survey data were collected during September-December, 2016 among randomly selected female garment workers from eight garment factories in and around Dhaka city. Structural equation modelling was conducted to explore the relationship among IPV, WPV and depression. Results: The findings show high rates of any IPV (69%); WPV (73%, experienced or witnessed) and depressive symptomatology (40%) among female garment workers. The analysis of pathways shows that IPV impacts a woman’s experience of WPV and work related stress leading to the development of depression; while WPV had direct and mediated pathways to depression. Experience of controlling by their husband leads to WPV and increased work related stress, and thus leads to depression. It also reveals that a worker’s ability to mobilize resources in emergency, however, increased self-esteem and reduced work related stress. Conclusion: This study shows the pathways through which experience of IPV and WPV lead to development of depressive symptoms among female garment workers. The link between women’s ability to mobilize resources with self-esteem and work related stress indicates the need for socio-economic empowerment of women and may suggest that combined intervention to address IPV and women’s empowerment could be successful in dealing with WPV and mental health.

Suggested Citation

  • Kausar Parvin & Mahfuz Al Mamun & Andrew Gibbs & Rachel Jewkes & Ruchira Tabassum Naved, 2018. "The pathways between female garment workers’ experience of violence and development of depressive symptoms," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(11), pages 1-17, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0207485
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207485
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0207485
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0207485&type=printable
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1371/journal.pone.0207485?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Waters, Hugh Richard & Hyder, Adnan Ali & Rajkotia, Yogesh & Basu, Suprotik & Butchart, Alexander, 2005. "The costs of interpersonal violence--an international review," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 73(3), pages 303-315, September.
    2. Ledyard Tucker & Charles Lewis, 1973. "A reliability coefficient for maximum likelihood factor analysis," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 38(1), pages 1-10, March.
    3. Naved, Ruchira & Rahman, Tabassum & Willan, Samantha & Jewkes, Rachel & Gibbs, Andrew, 2018. "Female garment workers’ experiences of violence in their homes and workplaces in Bangladesh: A qualitative study," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 196(C), pages 150-157.
    4. Karen M Devries & Joelle Y Mak & Loraine J Bacchus & Jennifer C Child & Gail Falder & Max Petzold & Jill Astbury & Charlotte H Watts, 2013. "Intimate Partner Violence and Incident Depressive Symptoms and Suicide Attempts: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(5), pages 1-11, May.
    5. Ruchira Tabassum Naved & Mahfuz Al Mamun & Kausar Parvin & Samantha Willan & Andrew Gibbs & Marat Yu & Rachel Jewkes, 2018. "Magnitude and correlates of intimate partner violence against female garment workers from selected factories in Bangladesh," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(11), pages 1-22, November.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Sonja Ayeb-Karlsson & Dominic Kniveton & Terry Cannon, 2020. "Trapped in the prison of the mind: Notions of climate-induced (im)mobility decision-making and wellbeing from an urban informal settlement in Bangladesh," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 6(1), pages 1-15, December.
    2. Nata Duvvury & Arístides Vara-Horna & Christine Brendel & Mrinal Chadha, 2023. "Productivity Impacts of Intimate Partner Violence: Evidence From Africa and South America," SAGE Open, , vol. 13(4), pages 21582440231, October.
    3. Humayun Kabir & Myfanwy Maple & Md. Shahidul Islam & Kim Usher, 2022. "The Paradoxical Impacts of the Minimum Wage Implementation on Ready-made Garment (RMG) Workers: A Qualitative Study," The Indian Journal of Labour Economics, Springer;The Indian Society of Labour Economics (ISLE), vol. 65(2), pages 545-569, June.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Rachel Jewkes & Samantha Willan & Lori Heise & Laura Washington & Nwabisa Shai & Alice Kerr-Wilson & Andrew Gibbs & Erin Stern & Nicola Christofides, 2021. "Elements of the Design and Implementation of Interventions to Prevent Violence against Women and Girls Associated with Success: Reflections from the What Works to Prevent Violence against Women and Gi," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(22), pages 1-16, November.
    2. Michael G. Wessells & Kathleen Kostelny, 2022. "The Psychosocial Impacts of Intimate Partner Violence against Women in LMIC Contexts: Toward a Holistic Approach," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(21), pages 1-20, November.
    3. Mannell, Jenevieve & Ahmad, Lida & Ahmad, Ayesha, 2018. "Narrative storytelling as mental health support for women experiencing gender-based violence in Afghanistan," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 214(C), pages 91-98.
    4. Nuanphromsakul, Kajohnjak & Szczepańska-Woszczyna, Katarzyna & Kot, Sebastian & Chaveesuk, Singha & Chaiyasoonthorn, Wornchanok, 2022. "Sustainability of Rubber Farmers Cooperatives: Empirical Evaluation of Determining Factors," AGRIS on-line Papers in Economics and Informatics, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Economics and Management, vol. 14(4), December.
    5. Bossavie, Laurent & Cho, Yoonyoung & Heath, Rachel, 2023. "The effects of international scrutiny on manufacturing workers: Evidence from the Rana Plaza collapse in Bangladesh," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 163(C).
    6. Mark Shevlin & David Boyda & James Houston & Jamie Murphy, 2015. "Measurement of the psychosis continuum: Modelling the frequency and distress of subclinical psychotic experiences," Psychosis, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 7(2), pages 108-118, April.
    7. E. Huebner & Rich Gilman & James Laughlin, 1999. "A Multimethod Investigation of the Multidimensionality of Children's Well-Being Reports: Discriminant Validity of Life Satisfaction and Self-Esteem," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 46(1), pages 1-22, January.
    8. Ali Safarnejad & Jose-Antonio Izazola-Licea, 2017. "Direct and indirect effects of enablers on HIV testing, initiation and retention in antiretroviral treatment and AIDS related mortality," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(2), pages 1-15, February.
    9. Lili Tian & Li Zhang & E. Scott Huebner & Xiaoting Zheng & Wang Liu, 2016. "The Longitudinal Relationship Between School Belonging and Subjective Well-Being in School Among Elementary School Students," Applied Research in Quality of Life, Springer;International Society for Quality-of-Life Studies, vol. 11(4), pages 1269-1285, December.
    10. Ronald S. Burt, 1973. "Confirmatory Factor-Analytic Structures and the Theory Construction Process," Sociological Methods & Research, , vol. 2(2), pages 131-190, November.
    11. Sulaiman Olusegun Atiku & Ziska Fields & Ethel Abe, 2017. "Cultural Values and Human Resource Outcomes in the Nigerian Banking Industry," SPOUDAI Journal of Economics and Business, SPOUDAI Journal of Economics and Business, University of Piraeus, vol. 67(2), pages 26-46, April-Jun.
    12. Evangeline I. Chirayil & Claire L. Thompson & Sue Burney, 2014. "Predicting Human Papilloma Virus Vaccination and Pap Smear Screening Intentions Among Young Singaporean Women Using the Theory of Planned Behavior," SAGE Open, , vol. 4(4), pages 21582440145, October.
    13. Chong, Melody P.M. & Muethel, Miriam & Richards, Malika & Fu, Ping Ping & Peng, Tai-Kuang & Shang, Yu Fan & Caldas, Miguel P., 2013. "Influence behaviors and employees’ reactions: An empirical test among six societies based on a transactional–relational contract model," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 48(3), pages 373-384.
    14. Jon W. Hoelter, 1983. "The Analysis of Covariance Structures," Sociological Methods & Research, , vol. 11(3), pages 325-344, February.
    15. Bach Quang Ho & Yuki Inoue, 2020. "Driving Network Externalities in Education for Sustainable Development," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(20), pages 1-16, October.
    16. Zhenhui (Jack) Jiang & Cheng Suang Heng & Ben C. F. Choi, 2013. "Research Note —Privacy Concerns and Privacy-Protective Behavior in Synchronous Online Social Interactions," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 24(3), pages 579-595, September.
    17. Lau, Patricia Yin Yin & Tong, Jane L.Y. Terpstra & Lien, Bella Ya-Hui & Hsu, Yen-Chen & Chong, Chooi Ling, 2017. "Ethical work climate, employee commitment and proactive customer service performance: Test of the mediating effects of organizational politics," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 35(C), pages 20-26.
    18. Meffert, Susan M. & McCulloch, Charles E. & Neylan, Thomas C. & Gandhi, Monica & Lund, Crick, 2015. "Increase of perceived frequency of neighborhood domestic violence is associated with increase of women's depression symptoms in a nationally representative longitudinal study in South Africa," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 131(C), pages 89-97.
    19. Zi Jia Ng & Eugene Scott Huebner & Alberto Maydeu-Olivares & Kimberly Joy Hills, 2018. "Confirmatory Factor Analytic Structure and Measurement Invariance of the Brief Multidimensional Students’ Life Satisfaction Scale (BMSLSS) in a Longitudinal Sample of Adolescents," Child Indicators Research, Springer;The International Society of Child Indicators (ISCI), vol. 11(4), pages 1237-1247, August.
    20. Cesar Ivan Aviles Gonzalez & Maura Galletta & Paola Melis & Paolo Contu & Jean Watson & Gabriele Finco & Maria Francisca Jimenez Herrera, 2019. "Cultural adaptation and psychometric validation of the Caring Efficacy scale in a sample of Italian nurses," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(5), pages 1-11, May.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0207485. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: plosone (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.