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Can education change the world? Education amplifies differences in liberalization values and innovation between developed and developing countries

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  • Alain Van Hiel
  • Jasper Van Assche
  • David De Cremer
  • Emma Onraet
  • Dries Bostyn
  • Tessa Haesevoets
  • Arne Roets

Abstract

The present study investigated the relationship between level of education and liberalization values in large, representative samples administered in 96 countries around the world (total N = 139,991). These countries show meaningful variation in terms of the Human Development Index (HDI), ranging from very poor, developing countries to prosperous, developed countries. We found evidence of cross-level interactions, consistently showing that individuals’ level of education was associated with an increase in their liberalization values in higher HDI societies, whereas this relationship was curbed in lower HDI countries. This enhanced liberalization mindset of individuals in high HDI countries, in turn, was related to better scores on national indices of innovation. We conclude that this ‘education amplification effect’ widens the gap between lower and higher HDI countries in terms of liberalized mentality and economic growth potential. Policy implications for how low HDI countries can counter this gap are discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Alain Van Hiel & Jasper Van Assche & David De Cremer & Emma Onraet & Dries Bostyn & Tessa Haesevoets & Arne Roets, 2018. "Can education change the world? Education amplifies differences in liberalization values and innovation between developed and developing countries," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(6), pages 1-8, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0199560
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199560
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Eric A. Hanushek & Ludger Woessmann, 2008. "The Role of Cognitive Skills in Economic Development," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 46(3), pages 607-668, September.
    2. Mikael Lindahl & Alan B. Krueger, 2001. "Education for Growth: Why and for Whom?," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 39(4), pages 1101-1136, December.
    3. N. Gregory Mankiw & David Romer & David N. Weil, 1992. "A Contribution to the Empirics of Economic Growth," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 107(2), pages 407-437.
    4. Jerik Hanushek & Dennis Kimko, 2006. "Schooling, Labor-force Quality, and the Growth of Nations," Voprosy obrazovaniya / Educational Studies Moscow, National Research University Higher School of Economics, issue 1, pages 154-193.
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    Cited by:

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    2. Anam Azam & Muhammad Rafiq & Muhammad Shafique & Jiahai Yuan, 2023. "Interpreting the Dynamic Nexus between Green Energy, Employment, Fossil Fuel Energy, and Human Development Index: A Panel Data Investigation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-17, March.

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