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Second-generation p-values: Improved rigor, reproducibility, & transparency in statistical analyses

Author

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  • Jeffrey D Blume
  • Lucy D’Agostino McGowan
  • William D Dupont
  • Robert A Greevy Jr.

Abstract

Verifying that a statistically significant result is scientifically meaningful is not only good scientific practice, it is a natural way to control the Type I error rate. Here we introduce a novel extension of the p-value—a second-generation p-value (pδ)–that formally accounts for scientific relevance and leverages this natural Type I Error control. The approach relies on a pre-specified interval null hypothesis that represents the collection of effect sizes that are scientifically uninteresting or are practically null. The second-generation p-value is the proportion of data-supported hypotheses that are also null hypotheses. As such, second-generation p-values indicate when the data are compatible with null hypotheses (pδ = 1), or with alternative hypotheses (pδ = 0), or when the data are inconclusive (0

Suggested Citation

  • Jeffrey D Blume & Lucy D’Agostino McGowan & William D Dupont & Robert A Greevy Jr., 2018. "Second-generation p-values: Improved rigor, reproducibility, & transparency in statistical analyses," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(3), pages 1-17, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0188299
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188299
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Goodman, S.N. & Royall, R., 1988. "Evidence and scientific research," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 78(12), pages 1568-1574.
    2. Regina Nuzzo, 2014. "Scientific method: Statistical errors," Nature, Nature, vol. 506(7487), pages 150-152, February.
    3. Ronald L. Wasserstein & Nicole A. Lazar, 2016. "The ASA's Statement on p -Values: Context, Process, and Purpose," The American Statistician, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 70(2), pages 129-133, May.
    4. Jeffrey T. Leek & Roger D. Peng, 2015. "Statistics: P values are just the tip of the iceberg," Nature, Nature, vol. 520(7549), pages 612-612, April.
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    Cited by:

    1. Sven-Kristjan Bormann, 2020. "dbnomics: Second Generation P-Values (SGPV) for common estimation commands in Stata," London Stata Conference 2020 11, Stata Users Group.

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