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Social determinants associated with Zika virus infection in pregnant women

Author

Listed:
  • Nivison Nery Jr.
  • Juan P Aguilar Ticona
  • Claudia Gambrah
  • Simon Doss-Gollin
  • Adeolu Aromolaran
  • Valmir Rastely-Júnior
  • Millani Lessa
  • Gielson A Sacramento
  • Jaqueline S Cruz
  • Daiana de Oliveira
  • Laiara Lopes dos Santos
  • Crislaine G da Silva
  • Viviane F Botosso
  • Camila P Soares
  • Danielle Bastos Araujo
  • Danielle B Oliveira
  • Rubens Prince dos Santos Alves
  • Robert Andreata-Santos
  • Edison L Durigon
  • Luís Carlos de Souza Ferreira
  • Elsio A Wunder Jr.
  • Ricardo Khouri
  • Jamary Oliveira-Filho
  • Isadora C de Siqueira
  • Antônio R P Almeida
  • Mitermayer G Reis
  • Albert I Ko
  • Federico Costa

Abstract

: This study aims to describe the sociodemographic determinants associated with exposure to Zika Virus (ZIKV) in pregnant women during the 2015–2016 epidemic in Salvador, Brazil. Methods: We recruited women who gave birth between October 2015 and January 2016 to a cross-sectional study at a referral maternity hospital in Salvador, Brazil. We collected information on their demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical characteristics, and evaluated their ZIKV exposure using a plaque reduction neutralization test. Logistic regression was then used to assess the relationship between these social determinants and ZIKV exposure status. Results: We included 469 pregnant women, of whom 61% had a positive ZIKV result. Multivariate analysis found that lower education (adjusted Prevalence Rate [aPR] 1.21; 95%CI 1.04–1.35) and food insecurity (aPR 1.17; 95%CI 1.01–1.30) were positively associated with ZIKV exposure. Additionally, age was negatively associated with the infection risk (aPR 0.99; 95%CI 0.97–0.998). Conclusion: Eve after controlling for age, differences in key social determinants, as education and food security, were associated with the risk of ZIKV infection among pregnant women in Brazil. Our findings elucidate risk factors that can be targeted by future interventions to reduce the impact of ZIKV infection in this vulnerable population. Author summary: The Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic in Brazil has intensified global concern about congenital defects associated with intrauterine exposure. Social determinants are factors that reinforce and contribute to the transmission and spread of ZIKV as well as other arboviruses like Dengue. We performed a cross-sectional study to describe the prevalence of ZIKV and the contribution of social determinants to transmission among pregnant women during the 2015–2016 ZIKV epidemic in Salvador, Brazil. We found that 61% of pregnant women were ZIKV seropositive. We also found that lower education level, food insecurity and lower maternal age were associated with higher ZIKV infection risk. These findings contribute to understanding the role of social determinants in ZIKV transmission, providing key social factors that can be combined with pre-existing tactics (vector control and environmental improvement) to create policies and interventions which reduce social inequalities and risk of infection in vulnerable populations like pregnant women.

Suggested Citation

  • Nivison Nery Jr. & Juan P Aguilar Ticona & Claudia Gambrah & Simon Doss-Gollin & Adeolu Aromolaran & Valmir Rastely-Júnior & Millani Lessa & Gielson A Sacramento & Jaqueline S Cruz & Daiana de Oliveir, 2021. "Social determinants associated with Zika virus infection in pregnant women," PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(7), pages 1-12, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pntd00:0009612
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009612
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    1. Sherian Bachan & Michał Pawiński, 2023. "Assessing the Health Security Responsiveness of the Caribbean Public Health Agency (CARPHA) and the Government of Trinidad and Tobago: The Zika and COVID-19 Outbreaks," Journal of Developing Societies, , vol. 39(4), pages 468-489, December.

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