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Geospatial cryptography: enabling researchers to access private, spatially referenced, human subjects data for cancer control and prevention

Author

Listed:
  • Geoffrey M. Jacquez

    (State University of New York at Buffalo
    BioMedware)

  • Aleksander Essex

    (Western University)

  • Andrew Curtis

    (Kent State University)

  • Betsy Kohler

    (North American Association of Central Cancer Registries)

  • Recinda Sherman

    (North American Association of Central Cancer Registries)

  • Khaled El Emam

    (University of Ottawa)

  • Chen Shi

    (State University of New York at Buffalo)

  • Andy Kaufmann

    (BioMedware)

  • Linda Beale

    (Esri)

  • Thomas Cusick

    (University at Buffalo)

  • Daniel Goldberg

    (Texas A&M University
    Texas A&M University)

  • Pierre Goovaerts

    (BioMedware)

Abstract

As the volume, accuracy and precision of digital geographic information have increased, concerns regarding individual privacy and confidentiality have come to the forefront. Not only do these challenge a basic tenet underlying the advancement of science by posing substantial obstacles to the sharing of data to validate research results, but they are obstacles to conducting certain research projects in the first place. Geospatial cryptography involves the specification, design, implementation and application of cryptographic techniques to address privacy, confidentiality and security concerns for geographically referenced data. This article defines geospatial cryptography and demonstrates its application in cancer control and surveillance. Four use cases are considered: (1) national‐level de‐duplication among state or province‐based cancer registries; (2) sharing of confidential data across cancer registries to support case aggregation across administrative geographies; (3) secure data linkage; and (4) cancer cluster investigation and surveillance. A secure multi-party system for geospatial cryptography is developed. Solutions under geospatial cryptography are presented and computation time is calculated. As services provided by cancer registries to the research community, de-duplication, case aggregation across administrative geographies and secure data linkage are often time-consuming and in some instances precluded by confidentiality and security concerns. Geospatial cryptography provides secure solutions that hold significant promise for addressing these concerns and for accelerating the pace of research with human subjects data residing in our nation’s cancer registries. Pursuit of the research directions posed herein conceivably would lead to a geospatially encrypted geographic information system (GEGIS) designed specifically to promote the sharing and spatial analysis of confidential data. Geospatial cryptography holds substantial promise for accelerating the pace of research with spatially referenced human subjects data.

Suggested Citation

  • Geoffrey M. Jacquez & Aleksander Essex & Andrew Curtis & Betsy Kohler & Recinda Sherman & Khaled El Emam & Chen Shi & Andy Kaufmann & Linda Beale & Thomas Cusick & Daniel Goldberg & Pierre Goovaerts, 2017. "Geospatial cryptography: enabling researchers to access private, spatially referenced, human subjects data for cancer control and prevention," Journal of Geographical Systems, Springer, vol. 19(3), pages 197-220, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:kap:jgeosy:v:19:y:2017:i:3:d:10.1007_s10109-017-0252-3
    DOI: 10.1007/s10109-017-0252-3
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Geospatial cryptography; Geographic information science; Spatial methods; Human subjects research; Privacy;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C63 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling - - - Computational Techniques
    • I18 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Government Policy; Regulation; Public Health

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