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Increasing tax transparency: investor reactions to the country-by-country reporting requirement for EU financial institutions

Author

Listed:
  • Verena K. Dutt

    (University of Mannheim
    ZEW Mannheim)

  • Christopher A. Ludwig

    (University of Mannheim
    ZEW Mannheim)

  • Katharina Nicolay

    (University of Mannheim
    ZEW Mannheim)

  • Heiko Vay

    (University of Mannheim)

  • Johannes Voget

    (University of Mannheim
    ZEW Mannheim)

Abstract

We employ an event study methodology to investigate the capital market reaction to the surprising political decision to adopt a public country-by-country reporting (CbCR) obligation for EU financial institutions. Our results are suggestive of a zero response in our full sample of financial institutions headquartered in the EU. We conduct several sample splits and find that the investor reaction is slightly more negative for banks engaging in selected tax havens and banks with an above-average B2C orientation and slightly more positive for banks with a below-average share of institutional investors. We conclude that investors anticipated a simultaneous reduction in banks’ tax avoidance opportunities and in information asymmetries between managers and shareholders, implying both negative and positive stock price reactions which offset each other on average. We relate our findings to previous studies on the introduction of similar tax transparency measures and contend that capital market reactions to increases in tax transparency depend crucially on the exact design and objective of the initiative. Our inferences are of special importance in light of the ongoing debate whether to enact a general public CbCR obligation for large multinational firms in the EU.

Suggested Citation

  • Verena K. Dutt & Christopher A. Ludwig & Katharina Nicolay & Heiko Vay & Johannes Voget, 2019. "Increasing tax transparency: investor reactions to the country-by-country reporting requirement for EU financial institutions," International Tax and Public Finance, Springer;International Institute of Public Finance, vol. 26(6), pages 1259-1290, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:kap:itaxpf:v:26:y:2019:i:6:d:10.1007_s10797-019-09575-4
    DOI: 10.1007/s10797-019-09575-4
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    Cited by:

    1. Göttsche, Max & Habermann, Florian & Sieber, Sebastian, 2024. "The materiality of non-financial tax disclosure: Experimental evidence," Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, Elsevier, vol. 54(C).
    2. Sarah Godar & Giulia Aliprandi & Tommaso Faccio & Petr Janský & Katia Toledo Ruiz, 2024. "The long way to tax transparency: lessons from the early publishers of country-by-country reports," International Tax and Public Finance, Springer;International Institute of Public Finance, vol. 31(2), pages 593-634, April.
    3. Dutt, Verena K. & Spengel, Christoph & Vay, Heiko, 2021. "The EU proposal for country-by-country reporting on the internet: Costs, Benefits and Consequences," Studien, Stiftung Familienunternehmen / Foundation for Family Businesses, number 250025, February.
    4. Müller, Raphael & Spengel, Christoph & Vay, Heiko, 2020. "On the determinants and effects of corporate tax transparency: Review of an emerging literature," ZEW Discussion Papers 20-063, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
    5. Koch, Reinald & Holtmann, Svea & Giese, Henning, 2022. "Losses never sleep: The effect of tax loss offset on stock market returns during economic crises," arqus Discussion Papers in Quantitative Tax Research 269, arqus - Arbeitskreis Quantitative Steuerlehre.
    6. Petr Janský, 2020. "European banks and tax havens: evidence from country-by-country reporting," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 52(54), pages 5967-5985, November.
    7. Daniel Klein & Christopher A. Ludwig & Christoph Spengel, 2019. "Ring-fencing Digital Corporations: Investor Reaction to the European Commission’s Digital Tax Proposals," EconPol Working Paper 36, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich.
    8. Flagmeier, Vanessa & Gawehn, Vanessa, 2020. "Do investors care about tax disclosure?," arqus Discussion Papers in Quantitative Tax Research 254, arqus - Arbeitskreis Quantitative Steuerlehre.
    9. Murphy Richard & Janský Petr & Shah Atul, 2019. "BEPS Policy Failure—The Case of EU Country-By-Country Reporting," Nordic Tax Journal, Sciendo, vol. 2019(1), pages 63-86, January.
    10. Raphael Müller & Johannes Voget & Jan Zental, 2024. "The Effects of Mandatory Private Disclosure On Public Disclosure—Evidence from CbCR," Schmalenbach Journal of Business Research, Springer, vol. 76(4), pages 533-571, December.
    11. Dutt, Verena K. & Nicolay, Katharina & Spengel, Christoph, 2021. "Reporting behavior and transparency in European banks' country-by-country reports," ZEW Discussion Papers 21-019, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
    12. Gawehn, Vanessa, 2019. "Banks and corporate income taxation: A review," arqus Discussion Papers in Quantitative Tax Research 247, arqus - Arbeitskreis Quantitative Steuerlehre.
    13. repec:ces:ifowps:_2020 is not listed on IDEAS
    14. Dutt, Verena K. & Nicolay, Katharina & Vay, Heiko & Voget, Johannes, 2019. "Can European banks' country-by-country reports reveal profit shifting? An analysis of the information content of EU banks' disclosures," ZEW Discussion Papers 19-042, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
    15. Dutt, Verena & Spengel, Christoph & Vay, Heiko, 2021. "Der EU-Vorschlag zum Country-by-Country Reporting im Internet: Kosten, Nutzen, Konsequenzen," Studien, Stiftung Familienunternehmen / Foundation for Family Businesses, number 250010, February.
    16. Müller, Raphael & Spengel, Christoph & Weck, Stefan, 2021. "How do investors value the publication of tax information? Evidence from the European public country-by-country reporting," ZEW Discussion Papers 21-077, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
    17. Reinald Koch & Svea Holtmann & Henning Giese, 2023. "Losses never sleep – The effect of tax loss offset on stock market returns during economic crises," Journal of Business Economics, Springer, vol. 93(1), pages 59-109, January.
    18. Bai, Sida & Zheng, Jiaxing, 2024. "Country-by-Country reporting, corporate tax avoidance, and supply chain structure: A bunching analysis based on income manipulation by Chinese multinational corporations," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).
    19. Longo, Sara & Fabrizi, Michele & Parbonetti, Antonio, 2025. "Market reaction to EU CRD IV regulation in the banking industry," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 73(PB).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Tax avoidance; Profit shifting; Country-by-country reporting; Financial institutions; Market reaction; Event study;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • H25 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Business Taxes and Subsidies
    • H26 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Tax Evasion and Avoidance
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • G28 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Government Policy and Regulation

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