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Determinants of Real Estate Licensee Income

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Abstract

This paper examines the factors that influence the income of real estate licensees. An empirical human capital earnings model is developed from a 1995 survey of Florida real estate brokers and salespeople. In seeking to explain earnings of real estate licensees, this study expands from previous studies by measuring several additional human capital components. A number of factors are seen to positively affect licensee income. These include (a) number of hours worked, (b) experience, (c) franchise affiliation, (d) being an owner/manager, (e) working in a metropolitan area, (f) level of job satisfaction, and (g) having errors and omissions insurance. Variables that have a negative effect on income include (a) being a female, (b) selling primarily residential properties, (c) age of licensee, (d) image perception, and (e) working weekends. Segmenting the data by income into thirds and comparing the means of the variables for the high- and low-income groups, several variable means are significantly different. the high income group has significantly higher means for these variables: (a) hourly income, (b) number of hours worked, (c) working full-time, (d) working on the weekend, (e) utilizing correspondence to satisfy continuing educational requirements, (f) work experience, (g) membership in clubs/professional organizations, (h) holding a broker's license, (i) length of current affiliation, (j) being a manager/owner, (k) holding professional designations, and (l) belonging to the state's Realtor association. The low-income group has a significantly higher variable mean for participation in residential sales.

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  • G. Stacy Sirmans & Philip G. Swicegood, 1997. "Determinants of Real Estate Licensee Income," Journal of Real Estate Research, American Real Estate Society, vol. 14(2), pages 137-154.
    • Handle: RePEc:jre:issued:v:14:n:2:1997:p:137-154
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    Cited by:

    1. Daniel T. Winkler & W. Keener Hughen, 2012. "Fringe Benefits Compensation of Real Estate Agents and Brokers," International Real Estate Review, Global Social Science Institute, vol. 15(3), pages 253-281.
    2. Chun-Chang Lee, 2017. "The Impact of Individual Characteristics and Branch Characteristics on Housing Agent Performance: Heckit model and Hierarchical Linear Modeling," International Journal of Economics and Finance, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 9(10), pages 189-199, October.
    3. Marcus T. Allen & Justin D. Benefield & Ronald C. Rutherford, 2023. "Co-Listing Strategies: Better Transaction Outcomes?," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 67(3), pages 517-544, October.
    4. John D. Benjamin & G. Donald Jud & G. Stacy Sirmans, 2000. "Real Estate Brokerage and the Hosting Market: An Annotated Bibliography," Journal of Real Estate Research, American Real Estate Society, vol. 20(1), pages 217-278.
    5. J. Benjamin & P. Chinloy & G. Jud & D. Winkler, 2007. "Do Some People Work Harder than Others? Evidence from Real Estate Brokerage," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 35(1), pages 95-110, July.
    6. G. Martin Izzo & Barry E. Langford, 2008. "Data analysis with ordinal and interval dependent variables: examples from a study of real estate salespeople," Review of Economic and Business Studies, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, vol. 1, pages 103-116, December.
    7. Turnbull, Geoffrey K. & Waller, Bennie D., 2018. "(What) do top performing real estate agents deliver for their clients?," Journal of Housing Economics, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 142-152.
    8. John D. Benjamin & G. Donald Jud & G. Stacy Sirmans, 2000. "What Do We Know About Real Estate Brokerage?," Journal of Real Estate Research, American Real Estate Society, vol. 20(1), pages 5-30.
    9. G Stacy Sirmans & David A. Macpherson, 2001. "Affinity Programs and the Real Estate Brokerage Industry," Journal of Real Estate Research, American Real Estate Society, vol. 22(3), pages 337-352.
    10. Yang Zhang & Hong Zhang & Michael J. Seiler, 2016. "The Effects of Time Constraints on Broker Behavior in China¡¦s Resale Housing Market: Theory and Evidence," International Real Estate Review, Global Social Science Institute, vol. 19(3), pages 353-370.
    11. Donald Jud & Daniel T. Winkler, 1999. "A Model of Real Estate Sales as a Career Choice," Journal of Real Estate Research, American Real Estate Society, vol. 18(3), pages 481-490.
    12. G. Stacy Sirmans & Philip G. Swicegood, 2000. "Determining Real Estate Licensee Income," Journal of Real Estate Research, American Real Estate Society, vol. 20(1), pages 189-204.
    13. Jonathan Wiley & Justin Benefield & Marcus Allen, 2014. "Cyclical Determinants of Brokerage Commission Rates," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 48(1), pages 196-219, January.
    14. Richard Martin & Henry Munneke, 2010. "Real Estate Brokerage Earnings: The Role of Choice of Compensation Scheme," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 41(4), pages 369-389, November.
    15. Leonard V. Zumpano & Ken Johnson & Randy I. Anderson, 2007. "Listing Specialization and Residential Real Estate Licensee," Journal of Real Estate Research, American Real Estate Society, vol. 29(1), pages 75-90.

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    • L85 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Services - - - Real Estate Services

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