IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/inm/ormksc/v35y2016i2p234-258.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Credit Scoring with Social Network Data

Author

Listed:
  • Yanhao Wei

    (Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104)

  • Pinar Yildirim

    (Marketing Department, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104)

  • Christophe Van den Bulte

    (Marketing Department, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104)

  • Chrysanthos Dellarocas

    (Information Systems Department, Questrom School of Business, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215)

Abstract

Motivated by the growing practice of using social network data in credit scoring, we analyze the impact of using network-based measures on customer score accuracy and on tie formation among customers. We develop a series of models to compare the accuracy of customer scores obtained with and without network data. We also investigate how the accuracy of social network-based scores changes when consumers can strategically construct their social networks to attain higher scores. We find that those who are motivated to improve their scores may form fewer ties and focus more on similar partners. The impact of such endogenous tie formation on the accuracy of consumer scores is ambiguous. Scores can become more accurate as a result of modifications in social networks, but this accuracy improvement may come with greater network fragmentation. The threat of social exclusion in such endogenously formed networks provides incentives to low-type members to exert effort that improves everyone’s creditworthiness. We discuss implications for managers and public policy.

Suggested Citation

  • Yanhao Wei & Pinar Yildirim & Christophe Van den Bulte & Chrysanthos Dellarocas, 2016. "Credit Scoring with Social Network Data," Marketing Science, INFORMS, vol. 35(2), pages 234-258, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:inm:ormksc:v:35:y:2016:i:2:p:234-258
    DOI: 10.1287/mksc.2015.0949
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2015.0949
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1287/mksc.2015.0949?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Raghuram Iyengar & Christophe Van den Bulte & Jae Young Lee, 2015. "Social Contagion in New Product Trial and Repeat," Marketing Science, INFORMS, vol. 34(3), pages 408-429, May.
    2. Benjamin Feigenberg & Erica Field & Rohini Pande, 2013. "The Economic Returns to Social Interaction: Experimental Evidence from Microfinance," Review of Economic Studies, Oxford University Press, vol. 80(4), pages 1459-1483.
    3. Attila Ambrus & Markus Mobius & Adam Szeidl, 2014. "Consumption Risk-Sharing in Social Networks," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 104(1), pages 149-182, January.
    4. Coralio Ballester & Antoni Calvó-Armengol & Yves Zenou, 2006. "Who's Who in Networks. Wanted: The Key Player," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 74(5), pages 1403-1417, September.
    5. Laura J. Kornish & Qiuping Li, 2010. "Optimal Referral Bonuses with Asymmetric Information: Firm-Offered and Interpersonal Incentives," Marketing Science, INFORMS, vol. 29(1), pages 108-121, 01-02.
    6. Tanya S. Rosenblat & Markus M. Mobius, 2004. "Getting Closer or Drifting Apart?," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Oxford University Press, vol. 119(3), pages 971-1009.
    7. Becker, Gary S., 1971. "The Economics of Discrimination," University of Chicago Press Economics Books, University of Chicago Press, edition 2, number 9780226041162, June.
    8. Michael Haenlein, 2011. "A social network analysis of customer-level revenue distribution," Marketing Letters, Springer, vol. 22(1), pages 15-29, March.
    9. Townsend, Robert M, 1994. "Risk and Insurance in Village India," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 62(3), pages 539-591, May.
    10. Leonardo Bursztyn & Florian Ederer & Bruno Ferman & Noam Yuchtman, 2014. "Understanding Mechanisms Underlying Peer Effects: Evidence From a Field Experiment on Financial Decisions," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 82(4), pages 1273-1301, July.
    11. Sheryl Ball & Catherine Eckel & Philip J. Grossman & William Zame, 2001. "Status in Markets," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Oxford University Press, vol. 116(1), pages 161-188.
    12. Marshall Van Alstyne & Erik Brynjolfsson, 2005. "Global Village or Cyber-Balkans? Modeling and Measuring the Integration of Electronic Communities," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 51(6), pages 851-868, June.
    13. Asli Demirgüç-Kunt & Ross Levine, 2009. "Finance and Inequality: Theory and Evidence," Annual Review of Financial Economics, Annual Reviews, vol. 1(1), pages 287-318, November.
    14. Stiglitz, Joseph E, 1990. "Peer Monitoring and Credit Markets," The World Bank Economic Review, World Bank Group, vol. 4(3), pages 351-366, September.
    15. D. F. Benoit & D. Van Den Poel, 2012. "Improving Customer Retention In Financial Services Using Kinship Network Information," Working Papers of Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Ghent University, Belgium 12/786, Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration.
    16. Donald MacKenzie, 2006. "An Engine, Not a Camera: How Financial Models Shape Markets," MIT Press Books, The MIT Press, edition 1, volume 1, number 0262134608, December.
    17. Yansong Hu & Christophe Van den Bulte, 2014. "Nonmonotonic Status Effects in New Product Adoption," Marketing Science, INFORMS, vol. 33(4), pages 509-533, July.
    18. Olivier Toubia & Andrew T. Stephen, 2013. "Intrinsic vs. Image-Related Utility in Social Media: Why Do People Contribute Content to Twitter?," Marketing Science, INFORMS, vol. 32(3), pages 368-392, May.
    19. Maria Rocha Sousa & João Gama & Elísio Brandão, 2013. "Introducing time-changing economics into credit scoring," FEP Working Papers 513, Universidade do Porto, Faculdade de Economia do Porto.
    20. Kenneth J. Arrow, 1998. "What Has Economics to Say about Racial Discrimination?," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 12(2), pages 91-100, Spring.
    21. Yingda Lu & Kinshuk Jerath & Param Vir Singh, 2013. "The Emergence of Opinion Leaders in a Networked Online Community: A Dyadic Model with Time Dynamics and a Heuristic for Fast Estimation," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 59(8), pages 1783-1799, August.
    22. Phelps, Edmund S, 1972. "The Statistical Theory of Racism and Sexism," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 62(4), pages 659-661, September.
    23. K. Sudhir & Joe Priester & Matt Shum & David Atkin & Andrew Foster & Ganesh Iyer & Ginger Jin & Daniel Keniston & Shinobu Kitayama & Mushfiq Mobarak & Yi Qian & Ishani Tewari & Wendy Wood, 2015. "Research Opportunities in Emerging Markets: an Inter-disciplinary Perspective from Marketing, Economics, and Psychology," Customer Needs and Solutions, Springer;Institute for Sustainable Innovation and Growth (iSIG), vol. 2(4), pages 264-276, December.
    24. Joel M. Podolny, 2008. "Introduction to Status Signals: A Sociological Study of Market Competition," Introductory Chapters, in: Status Signals: A Sociological Study of Market Competition, Princeton University Press.
    25. Mingfeng Lin & Nagpurnanand R. Prabhala & Siva Viswanathan, 2013. "Judging Borrowers by the Company They Keep: Friendship Networks and Information Asymmetry in Online Peer-to-Peer Lending," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 59(1), pages 17-35, August.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. DE CNUDDE, Sofie & MOEYERSOMS, Julie & STANKOVA, Marija & TOBBACK, Ellen & JAVALY, Vinayak & MARTENS, David, 2015. "Who cares about your Facebook friends? Credit scoring for microfinance," Working Papers 2015018, University of Antwerp, Faculty of Business and Economics.
    2. Dimitris Andriosopoulos & Michalis Doumpos & Panos M. Pardalos & Constantin Zopounidis, 2019. "Computational approaches and data analytics in financial services: A literature review," Journal of the Operational Research Society, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 70(10), pages 1581-1599, October.
    3. Daniel Bjorkegren & Joshua E. Blumenstock & Samsun Knight, 2020. "Manipulation-Proof Machine Learning," Papers 2004.03865, arXiv.org.
    4. Pinar Yildirim & Yanhao Wei & Christophe Bulte & Joy Lu, 2020. "Social network design for inducing effort," Quantitative Marketing and Economics (QME), Springer, vol. 18(4), pages 381-417, December.
    5. Nicolás de Roux, 2021. "Exogenous shocks, credit reports and access to credit: Evidence from colombian coffee producers," Documentos CEDE 19769, Universidad de los Andes, Facultad de Economía, CEDE.
    6. Sun, Yue & Chai, Nana & Dong, Yizhe & Shi, Baofeng, 2022. "Assessing and predicting small industrial enterprises’ credit ratings: A fuzzy decision-making approach," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 38(3), pages 1158-1172.
    7. David A. Schweidel & Yakov Bart & J. Jeffrey Inman & Andrew T. Stephen & Barak Libai & Michelle Andrews & Ana Babić Rosario & Inyoung Chae & Zoey Chen & Daniella Kupor & Chiara Longoni & Felipe Thomaz, 2022. "How consumer digital signals are reshaping the customer journey," Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Springer, vol. 50(6), pages 1257-1276, November.
    8. Sanjiv Das & Xin Huang & Soji Adeshina & Patrick Yang & Leonardo Bachega, 2023. "Credit Risk Modeling with Graph Machine Learning," INFORMS Joural on Data Science, INFORMS, vol. 2(2), pages 197-217, October.
    9. Bryan Bollinger & Song Yao, 2018. "Risk transfer versus cost reduction on two-sided microfinance platforms," Quantitative Marketing and Economics (QME), Springer, vol. 16(3), pages 251-287, September.
    10. João Paulo Coelho Ribeiro & Fábio Duarte & Ana Paula Matias Gama, 2022. "Does microfinance foster the development of its clients? A bibliometric analysis and systematic literature review," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 8(1), pages 1-35, December.
    11. Freedman, Seth & Jin, Ginger Zhe, 2017. "The information value of online social networks: Lessons from peer-to-peer lending," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 185-222.
    12. Nicolás de Roux, 2020. "Weather Variability, Credit Scores and Access to Credit: Evidence from Colombian Coffee Farmers," Documentos CEDE 17800, Universidad de los Andes, Facultad de Economía, CEDE.
    13. Jong Wook Lee & So Young Sohn, 2021. "Evaluating borrowers’ default risk with a spatial probit model reflecting the distance in their relational network," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(12), pages 1-11, December.
    14. Jian Mou & J. Christopher Westland & Tuan Q. Phan & Tianhui Tan, 2020. "Microlending on mobile social credit platforms: an exploratory study using Philippine loan contracts," Electronic Commerce Research, Springer, vol. 20(1), pages 173-196, March.
    15. Mohammad Sahabuddin & Junaina Muhammad & Mohamed Hisham Yahya & Sabarina Mohammed Shah & Md. Kausar Alam, 2019. "Digitalization, Innovation and Sustainable Development: An Evidence of Islamic Finance Perspective," International Journal of Asian Social Science, Asian Economic and Social Society, vol. 9(12), pages 651-656, December.
    16. Yi Liu & Pinar Yildirim & Z. John Zhang, 2021. "Social Media, Content Moderation, and Technology," Papers 2101.04618, arXiv.org, revised Jan 2021.
    17. Luis Javier Sanchez-Barrios & Mario Giraldo & Mahmoud Khalik & Ricardo Manjarres, 2015. "Services for the underserved: unintended well-being," The Service Industries Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 35(15-16), pages 883-897, November.
    18. Fang, Fang & Chen, Yuanyuan, 2019. "A new approach for credit scoring by directly maximizing the Kolmogorov–Smirnov statistic," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 133(C), pages 180-194.
    19. Xianghua Lu & Tian Lu & Chong (Alex) Wang & Ruofan Wu, 2021. "Can Social Notifications Help to Mitigate Payment Delinquency in Online Peer‐to‐Peer Lending?," Production and Operations Management, Production and Operations Management Society, vol. 30(8), pages 2564-2585, August.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Antonio Cabrales & Piero Gottardi & Fernando Vega-Redondo, 2017. "Risk Sharing and Contagion in Networks," Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 30(9), pages 3086-3127.
    2. Nunley, John M. & Owens, Mark F. & Howard, R. Stephen, 2011. "The effects of information and competition on racial discrimination: Evidence from a field experiment," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 80(3), pages 670-679.
    3. Belhaj, Mohamed & Deroïan, Frédéric, 2012. "Risk taking under heterogenous revenue sharing," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 98(2), pages 192-202.
    4. Jackson, Matthew O. & Zenou, Yves, 2015. "Games on Networks," Handbook of Game Theory with Economic Applications,, Elsevier.
    5. Hunter, Boyd & Howlett, Monica & Biddle, Nicholas, 2014. "Modelling Exposure to Risk of Experiencing Discrimination in the Context of Endogenous Ethnic Identification," IZA Discussion Papers 8040, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    6. Chowdhury, Shyamal & Chowdhury, Prabal Roy & Sengupta, Kunal, 2014. "Sequential lending with dynamic joint liability in micro-finance," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 167-180.
    7. George-Levi Gayle & Limor Golan, "undated". "Estimating a Dynamic Adverse Selection Model: Labor Force Experience and the Changing Gender Earnings Gap 1968-93," GSIA Working Papers 2006-E40, Carnegie Mellon University, Tepper School of Business.
    8. Carlsson, Magnus & Fumarco, Luca & Rooth, Dan-Olof, 2013. "Artifactual Evidence of Discrimination in Correspondence Studies? A Replication of the Neumark Method," IZA Discussion Papers 7619, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    9. Kevin Lang & Jee-Yeon K. Lehmann, 2012. "Racial Discrimination in the Labor Market: Theory and Empirics," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 50(4), pages 959-1006, December.
    10. Altınok, Ahmet, 2023. "Group lending, sorting, and risk sharing," Games and Economic Behavior, Elsevier, vol. 140(C), pages 456-480.
    11. Batsaikhan, Mongoljin & He, Tai-Sen & Li, Yupeng, 2021. "Accents, group identity, and trust behaviors: Evidence from Singapore," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 70(C).
    12. Wu, Bao & Liu, Zijia & Gu, Qiuyang & Tsai, Fu-Sheng, 2023. "Underdog mentality, identity discrimination and access to peer-to-peer lending market: Exploring effects of digital authentication," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    13. Dieckmann, Anja & Grimm, Veronika & Unfried, Matthias & Utikal, Verena & Valmasoni, Lorenzo, 2016. "On trust in honesty and volunteering among Europeans: Cross-country evidence on perceptions and behavior," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 90(C), pages 225-253.
    14. Barr & Oduro, Abena, 2000. "Ethnicity and wage determination in Ghana," Policy Research Working Paper Series 2506, The World Bank.
    15. Nikoloz Kudashvili, 2018. "Sources of Statistical Discrimination: Experimental Evidence from Georgia," CERGE-EI Working Papers wp612, The Center for Economic Research and Graduate Education - Economics Institute, Prague.
    16. Paul Frijters & Michael A. Shields & Stephen Wheatley Price & Nikolaos Theodoropoulos, 2006. "Testing for Employee Discrimination in Britain using Matched Employer-Employee Data," University of Cyprus Working Papers in Economics 8-2006, University of Cyprus Department of Economics.
    17. Matthew Elliott & Arun Chandrasekhar & Attila Ambrus, 2015. "Social Investments, Informal Risk Sharing, and Inequality," 2015 Meeting Papers 189, Society for Economic Dynamics.
    18. Batsaikhan, Mongoljin & Gørtz, Mette & Kennes, John & Lyng, Ran Sun & Monte, Daniel & Tumennasan, Norovsambuu, 2021. "Discrimination and Daycare Choice: Evidence from a Randomized Survey," IZA Discussion Papers 14874, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    19. Sang-Hyun Kim & Fernanda L Lopez de Leon, 2019. "In-group and out-group biases in the marketplace: a field experiment during the World Cup," Oxford Economic Papers, Oxford University Press, vol. 71(3), pages 528-547.
    20. Shan Huang & Sinan Aral & Yu Jeffrey Hu & Erik Brynjolfsson, 2020. "Social Advertising Effectiveness Across Products: A Large-Scale Field Experiment," Marketing Science, INFORMS, vol. 39(6), pages 1142-1165, November.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:inm:ormksc:v:35:y:2016:i:2:p:234-258. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Chris Asher (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/inforea.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.