IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/ibn/ibrjnl/v15y2022i2p1.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Enhanced Engagement Nurtured by Determination, Efficacy, and Exchange Dimensions (EENDEED): A Nine-Item Instrument for Measuring Traditional Workplace and Remote Employee Engagement

Author

Listed:
  • Franklin M. Lartey
  • Phillip M. Randall

Abstract

With the ongoing pandemic and technological evolutions, remote work has become the new normal. However, existing employee engagement instruments do not take the remote aspect of work into account. This paper proposes a nine-item instrument for assessing employee engagement in general, and remote worker engagement specifically. The instrument was named EENDEED, for enhanced engagement nurtured by determination, efficacy, and exchange dimensions. It was grounded on three theories- (1) self-determination; (2) self-efficacy; and (3) social exchange. After generating the proposed scale grounded on the literature and theory, data were collected from 626 participants in the United States through an online survey. The dataset was split in two random samples of 405 and 195 cases respectively, after eliminating 26 cases with missing values. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) on the larger sample helped discover its two-factor structure, namely PERFORMANCE and SELF-RELIANCE. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed on the second sample, which confirmed the two-factor structure of EENDEED. A final study assessed the reliability and validity of EENDEED. Data were collected through an online survey of 162 employees in the U.S. A CFA was conducted, validating the two-factor structure of the instrument. Construct reliability of the factors and reliability of the scale were ascertained. Face validity, content validity, construct validity, and criterion validity were confirmed. This study fills the gap in current engagement measurements by including the remote worker dimension. Organizations will be better able to identify and address challenges faced by traditional workplace employees and remote workers.

Suggested Citation

  • Franklin M. Lartey & Phillip M. Randall, 2022. "Enhanced Engagement Nurtured by Determination, Efficacy, and Exchange Dimensions (EENDEED): A Nine-Item Instrument for Measuring Traditional Workplace and Remote Employee Engagement," International Business Research, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 15(2), pages 1-1, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:ibn:ibrjnl:v:15:y:2022:i:2:p:1
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ibr/article/download/0/0/46632/49848
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ibr/article/view/0/46632
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Anitha J., 2014. "Determinants of employee engagement and their impact on employee performance," International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 63(3), pages 308-323, April.
    2. Neha Gupta & Vandna Sharma, 2018. "The comparative analysis of employee engagement measures: a theoretical perspective," International Journal of Management Practice, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 11(1), pages 42-68.
    3. D. Sandy Staples & John S. Hulland & Christopher A. Higgins, 1999. "A Self-Efficacy Theory Explanation for the Management of Remote Workers in Virtual Organizations," Organization Science, INFORMS, vol. 10(6), pages 758-776, December.
    4. Omar M.A. Ababneh & Mark LeFevre & Tim Bentley, 2019. "Employee engagement: development of a new measure," International Journal of Human Resources Development and Management, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 19(2), pages 105-134.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Jiang, Jingxian & Ellis, Gary D. & Ettekal, Andrea V. & Nelson, Chad, 2022. "Situational engagement experiences: Measurement options and theory testing," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 223-236.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Huang, Shih-Chieh & Lo, Shang-Lien & Lin, Yen-Ching, 2013. "Application of a fuzzy cognitive map based on a structural equation model for the identification of limitations to the development of wind power," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 851-861.
    2. Salar Hussain & Arjumand Bano Soomro & Arifa Bhutto & Sobia Shah & Shazia Shahab Shaikh, 2019. "Impacting Factors on the Employees’ Performance during Acquisitions: A Study on KASB Bank into Bank Islami Pakistan Ltd," International Business Research, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 12(4), pages 123-129, April.
    3. Dr. Khan Sarfaraz Ali & Professor Dr. Mezbah-Ul-Islam & Tamanna Nowrin Azam & Lt. Cdr. (Retd.) Wares-Ul-Matin, 2021. "Influence of Job Engagement on Transformational Leadership Style and Organizational Performance," iRASD Journal of Management, International Research Alliance for Sustainable Development (iRASD), vol. 3(1), pages 14-21, june.
    4. Behl, Abhishek & Jayawardena, Nirma & Ishizaka, Alessio & Gupta, Manish & Shankar, Amit, 2022. "Gamification and gigification: A multidimensional theoretical approach," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 1378-1393.
    5. Jonas Kniel & Alice Comi, 2021. "Riding the Same Wavelength: Designers’ Perceptions of Shared Understanding in Remote Teams," SAGE Open, , vol. 11(3), pages 21582440211, September.
    6. Sajid Hussain Awan & Nazia Habib & Chaudhry Shoaib Akhtar & Shaheryar Naveed, 2020. "Effectiveness of Performance Management System for Employee Performance Through Engagement," SAGE Open, , vol. 10(4), pages 21582440209, October.
    7. Gabriela Pedro Gomes & Neuza Ribeiro & Daniel Roque Gomes, 2022. "The Impact of Burnout on Police Officers’ Performance and Turnover Intention: The Moderating Role of Compassion Satisfaction," Administrative Sciences, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-18, July.
    8. Akilimali Ndatabaye Ephrem & Paul Martin Dontsop Nguezet & Ishara Kaciko Charmant & McEdward Murimbika & Bola Amoke Awotide & Abdoulaye Tahirou & Mulindangabo Neema Lydie & Victor Manyong, 2021. "Entrepreneurial Motivation, Psychological Capital, and Business Success of Young Entrepreneurs in the DRC," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-22, April.
    9. Anna Bagieñska, 2014. "Human capital financial results of an enterprise – research on the best employers in poland," "e-Finanse", University of Information Technology and Management, Institute of Financial Research and Analysis, vol. 10(3), pages 40-51, December.
    10. Yao, Qiongrui (Missy) & Baker, LaKami T. & Lohrke, Franz T., 2022. "Building and sustaining trust in remote work by platform-dependent entrepreneurs on digital labor platforms: Toward an integrative framework," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 149(C), pages 327-339.
    11. Agata Gurzawska & Markus Mäkinen & Philip Brey, 2017. "Implementation of Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) Practices in Industry: Providing the Right Incentives," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(10), pages 1-26, September.
    12. Mohd Nurumal & Sachiko Makabe & Farah Ilyani Che Jamaludin & Hairil Fahmi Mohd Yusof & Khin Thandar Aung & Yanika Kowitlawakul, 2017. "Work-Life Balance among Teaching Hospital Nurses in Malaysia," Global Journal of Health Science, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 9(9), pages 1-81, September.
    13. Jaya Bhasin & Shahid Mushtaq & Sakshi Gupta, 2019. "Engaging Employees Through Employer Brand: An Empirical Evidence," Management and Labour Studies, XLRI Jamshedpur, School of Business Management & Human Resources, vol. 44(4), pages 417-432, November.
    14. Julia Moser, 2020. "Teilzeit - ein Karrierekiller?: Eine empirische Analyse," SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research 1090, DIW Berlin, The German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP).
    15. Ward van Zoonen & Anu Sivunen & Kirsimarja Blomqvist & Thomas Olsson & Annina Ropponen & Kaisa Henttonen & Matti Vartiainen, 2021. "Factors Influencing Adjustment to Remote Work: Employees’ Initial Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(13), pages 1-19, June.
    16. Pérez Granero, Luis & Guillén, Manuel & Bañón-Gomis, Alexis J., 2017. "Influencia de los factores de contingencia en el desarrollo del cuadro de mando integral y su asociación con un rendimiento mejor. El caso de las empresas españolas," Revista de Contabilidad - Spanish Accounting Review, Elsevier, vol. 20(1), pages 82-94.
    17. Armanu Armanu, 2017. "The Role of Shared Leadership and Work Environment in Strengthening the Influence of Compensation on Nurse's Performance," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(3A), pages 82-95.
    18. Ayat Mohammad Esam Saed Mohammad, 2021. "Effect of Workforce Diversity on Job Performance of Hotels Working in Jordan," International Journal of Business and Management, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 14(4), pages 1-85, July.
    19. Maria FRANGIEH & Daniel RUSU, 2021. "The Effect of the Carrot and Stick Transactional Leadership style in Motivating Employees in SMEs," REVISTA DE MANAGEMENT COMPARAT INTERNATIONAL/REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL COMPARATIVE MANAGEMENT, Faculty of Management, Academy of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania, vol. 22(2), pages 242-252, May.
    20. Jolly Sahni, 2021. "Employee Engagement Among Millennial Workforce: Empirical Study on Selected Antecedents and Consequences," SAGE Open, , vol. 11(1), pages 21582440211, March.

    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • R00 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General - - - General
    • Z0 - Other Special Topics - - General

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:ibn:ibrjnl:v:15:y:2022:i:2:p:1. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Canadian Center of Science and Education (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/cepflch.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.