IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v17y2025i19p8619-d1758193.html

Comprehensive Insights into Carbon Capture and Storage: Geomechanical and Geochemical Aspects, Modeling, Risk Assessment, Monitoring, and Cost Analysis in Geological Storage

Author

Listed:
  • Abdul Rehman Baig

    (Bob L. Herd Department of Petroleum Engineering, Texas Tech University, 807 Boston Avenue, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA)

  • Jemal Fentaw

    (Bob L. Herd Department of Petroleum Engineering, Texas Tech University, 807 Boston Avenue, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA)

  • Elvin Hajiyev

    (Bob L. Herd Department of Petroleum Engineering, Texas Tech University, 807 Boston Avenue, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA)

  • Marshall Watson

    (Bob L. Herd Department of Petroleum Engineering, Texas Tech University, 807 Boston Avenue, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA)

  • Hossein Emadi

    (Bob L. Herd Department of Petroleum Engineering, Texas Tech University, 807 Boston Avenue, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA)

  • Bassel Eissa

    (Bob L. Herd Department of Petroleum Engineering, Texas Tech University, 807 Boston Avenue, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA)

  • Abdulrahman Shahin

    (Bob L. Herd Department of Petroleum Engineering, Texas Tech University, 807 Boston Avenue, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA)

Abstract

Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is a vital climate mitigation strategy aimed at reducing CO 2 emissions from industrial and energy sectors. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of CCS technologies, focusing on capture methods, transport systems, geological storage, geomechanical and geochemical aspects, modeling, risk assessment, monitoring, and economic feasibility. Among capture technologies, pre-combustion capture is identified as the most efficient (90–95%) due to its high purity and integration potential. Notably, most operational CCS projects in 2025 utilize pre-combustion capture, particularly in hydrogen production and natural gas processing. For geological storage, saline aquifers and depleted oil and gas reservoirs are highlighted as the most promising due to their vast capacity and proven containment. In the transport phase, pipeline systems are considered the most effective and scalable method, offering high efficiency and cost-effectiveness for large-scale CO 2 movement, especially in the supercritical phase. The study also emphasizes the importance of hybrid integrated risk assessment models, such as NRAP-Open-IAM, which combine deterministic simulations with probabilistic frameworks for robust site evaluation. In terms of monitoring, Seismic monitoring methods are regarded as the most reliable subsurface technique for tracking CO 2 plume migration and ensuring storage integrity. Economically, depleted reservoirs offer the most feasible option when integrated with existing infrastructure and supported by incentives like 45Q tax credits. The review concludes that successful CCS deployment requires interdisciplinary innovation, standardized risk protocols, and strong policy support. This work serves as a strategic reference for researchers, policymakers, and industry professionals aiming to scale CCS technologies for global decarbonization.

Suggested Citation

  • Abdul Rehman Baig & Jemal Fentaw & Elvin Hajiyev & Marshall Watson & Hossein Emadi & Bassel Eissa & Abdulrahman Shahin, 2025. "Comprehensive Insights into Carbon Capture and Storage: Geomechanical and Geochemical Aspects, Modeling, Risk Assessment, Monitoring, and Cost Analysis in Geological Storage," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(19), pages 1-55, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:17:y:2025:i:19:p:8619-:d:1758193
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/17/19/8619/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/17/19/8619/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Aydin, Gokhan & Karakurt, Izzet & Aydiner, Kerim, 2010. "Evaluation of geologic storage options of CO2: Applicability, cost, storage capacity and safety," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(9), pages 5072-5080, September.
    2. Mazen Hamed & Ezeddin Shirif, 2025. "Sustainable CO 2 Storage Assessment in Saline Aquifers Using a Hybrid ANN and Numerical Simulation Model Across Different Trapping Mechanisms," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-32, March.
    3. Thomas Deschamps & Mohamed Kanniche & Laurent Grandjean & Olivier Authier, 2022. "Modeling of Vacuum Temperature Swing Adsorption for Direct Air Capture Using Aspen Adsorption," Clean Technol., MDPI, vol. 4(2), pages 1-18, April.
    4. Jafari, Mohammad & Cao, Shuang Cindy & Jung, Jongwon, 2017. "Geological CO2 sequestration in saline aquifers: Implication on potential solutions of China’s power sector," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 121(C), pages 137-155.
    5. Sayan Kar & Dongseok Kim & Ariffin Bin Mohamad Annuar & Bidyut Bikash Sarma & Michael Stanton & Erwin Lam & Subhajit Bhattacharjee & Suvendu Karak & Heather F. Greer & Erwin Reisner, 2025. "Direct air capture of CO2 for solar fuel production in flow," Nature Energy, Nature, vol. 10(4), pages 448-459, April.
    6. Aminu, Mohammed D. & Nabavi, Seyed Ali & Rochelle, Christopher A. & Manovic, Vasilije, 2017. "A review of developments in carbon dioxide storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 208(C), pages 1389-1419.
    7. John Michael Humphries Choptiany & Ronald Pelot, 2014. "A Multicriteria Decision Analysis Model and Risk Assessment Framework for Carbon Capture and Storage," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 34(9), pages 1720-1737, September.
    8. Sara Yasemi & Yasin Khalili & Ali Sanati & Mohammadreza Bagheri, 2023. "Carbon Capture and Storage: Application in the Oil and Gas Industry," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-32, October.
    9. Kheshgi, Haroon S., 1995. "Sequestering atmospheric carbon dioxide by increasing ocean alkalinity," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 20(9), pages 915-922.
    10. Nicoletta Brazzola & Amir Meskaldji & Anthony Patt & Tim Tröndle & Christian Moretti, 2025. "The role of direct air capture in achieving climate-neutral aviation," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 16(1), pages 1-12, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Zhou, Zelin & Gao, Jianmin & Zhang, Yu & Liu, Weiwei & Tang, Zhipei & Zhou, Qi & Du, Qian & Dong, Heming, 2026. "Review: Scenario-specific applications of direct air capture technology and system optimization approaches," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 226(PB).
    2. Ningning Zhao & Tianfu Xu & Kairan Wang & Hailong Tian & Fugang Wang, 2018. "Experimental study of physical‐chemical properties modification of coal after CO2 sequestration in deep unmineable coal seams," Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 8(3), pages 510-528, June.
    3. Shanling Zhang & Sheng Jiang & Hongda Li & Peiran Li & Xiuping Zhong & Chen Chen & Guigang Tu & Xiang Liu & Zhenhua Xu, 2025. "Current Status and Reflections on Ocean CO 2 Sequestration: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-28, February.
    4. Stamatios K. Chrysikopoulos & Panos T. Chountalas & Dimitrios A. Georgakellos & Athanasios G. Lagodimos, 2024. "Decarbonization in the Oil and Gas Sector: The Role of Power Purchase Agreements and Renewable Energy Certificates," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(15), pages 1-24, July.
    5. Hanak, Dawid P. & Jenkins, Barrie G. & Kruger, Tim & Manovic, Vasilije, 2017. "High-efficiency negative-carbon emission power generation from integrated solid-oxide fuel cell and calciner," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 205(C), pages 1189-1201.
    6. Zhang, Weiwei & Wang, Yuanrong & Chen, Ximei & Li, Yunzhuo & Dai, He, 2025. "Exploring the diffusion mechanisms of CCS-EOR technology: A quadripartite evolutionary game," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 320(C).
    7. Shahryar Rashidi & Seyed Shariatipour & Mohammadreza Bagheri, 2025. "CO2 Storage Site Selection: A Comprehensive Review of Current Approaches," Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 15(4), pages 487-510, August.
    8. Zhao, Guojun & Zheng, Jia-nan & Gong, Guangjun & Chen, Bingbing & Yang, Mingjun & Song, Yongchen, 2023. "Formation characteristics and leakage termination effects of CO2 hydrate cap in case of geological sequestration leakage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 351(C).
    9. Shun Wang & Kan Jin & Wei Zhao & Luojia Ding & Jingning Zhang & Di Xu, 2025. "Mechanism, Modeling and Challenges of Geological Storage of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(16), pages 1-25, August.
    10. Seyed Mehdi Alizadeh & Yasin Khalili & Mohammad Ahmadi, 2024. "Comprehensive Review of Carbon Capture and Storage Integration in Hydrogen Production: Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Perspectives," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-35, October.
    11. Chang, Yuan & Gao, Siqi & Ma, Qian & Wei, Ying & Li, Guoping, 2024. "Techno-economic analysis of carbon capture and utilization technologies and implications for China," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 199(C).
    12. Wang, Tian & Fan, Ziyu & Sun, Lingjie & Yang, Lei & Zhao, Jiafei & Song, Yongchen & Zhang, Lunxiang, 2024. "Pore-scale behaviors of CO2 hydrate formation and dissociation in the presence of swelling clay: Implication for geologic carbon sequestration," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 308(C).
    13. Aydin, Gokhan, 2014. "Modeling of energy consumption based on economic and demographic factors: The case of Turkey with projections," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 35(C), pages 382-389.
    14. Andreas Mühlbauer & Dominik Keiner & Tansu Galimova & Christian Breyer, 2024. "Analysis of production routes for silicon carbide using air as carbon source empowering negative emissions," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 29(1), pages 1-25, January.
    15. Yasin Khalili & Sara Yasemi & Mahdi Abdi & Masoud Ghasemi Ertian & Maryam Mohammadi & Mohammadreza Bagheri, 2025. "A Review of Integrated Carbon Capture and Hydrogen Storage: AI-Driven Optimization for Efficiency and Scalability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(13), pages 1-40, June.
    16. Zhang, Zixin & Miao, Yihe & Liu, Shanke & Gan, Zhuozhen & Yu, Lijun, 2025. "Multi-dimensional process optimization of temperature-vacuum swing adsorption for CO2 capture from humid air," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 334(C).
    17. Xiang Ao & Yuxi Rao & Honglian Li & Beijun Song & Peng Li, 2025. "Flow–Solid Coupled Analysis of Shale Gas Production Influenced by Fracture Roughness Evolution in Supercritical CO 2 –Slickwater Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-23, October.
    18. Harshita Jain, 2025. "Synergizing carbon reduction technologies and nature-based solutions for a climate-neutral future," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 30(6), pages 1-35, August.
    19. Sadeghpour, Farshad, 2025. "Storage efficiency prediction for feasibility assessment of underground CO2 storage: Novel machine learning approaches," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 324(C).
    20. Filip Vodopić & Domagoj Vulin & Daria Karasalihović Sedlar & Lucija Jukić, 2023. "Enhancing Carbon Capture and Storage Deployment in the EU: A Sectoral Analysis of a Ton-Based Incentive Strategy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(22), pages 1-34, November.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:17:y:2025:i:19:p:8619-:d:1758193. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.